Rotary ultrasonic milling of C/SiC composites fabricated using chemical vapor infiltration and needling technique

2020

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PurposeIn present research work, the effects of rotational speed, feed rate and vibration amplitude have been investigated during novel method of ultrasonic-assisted bone grinding. During dissection of tumors, firstly a bone flap is removed near the target region to create passage for grinding burr. During abrasion, heat is produced, which sometimes increases the temperature to unsafe levels. So, efforts have been made to limit the temperature below the threshold levels of osteonecrosis during bone grinding.Design/methodology/approachThe temperature produced during osteotomy has been measured using infrared thermography camera during the implementation of L18 Taguchi orthogonal array design. Subsequently, main effect plots and contour plots have been presented to analyze and visualize the effect of grinding parameters on temperature rise during bone grinding. Furthermore, the process parameters have been optimized for optimum results for response characteristics using Taguchi SN ratio-based optimization methodology. For multiobjective optimization, the process parameters are further optimized using grey relational analysis.FindingsIt is revealed that all three process parameters substantially affect the response characteristics. The proposed optimization methodology is successfully applied on the experimental findings and the optimum results for change in temperature are found to be rotational speed = 3,000 rpm, feed rate = 20 mm/min, amplitude = 10 µm and for standard deviation are 5,000 rpm, 60 mm/min, 10 µm.Research limitations/implicationsThe present research findings cannot be generalized, and researchers are encouraged to further investigate the proposed rotary ultrasonic-assisted bone grinding at higher rotational speed up to 60k rpm on the skull bone.Originality/valueThe research on osteotomy is still at its initial phase, and continuous research is carried out for making patients’ life comfortable. In this direction, the authors have proposed a novel osteotomy method to limit the temperature below the threshold limit of osteonecrosis. The outcomes of the present study will be beneficial for the neurosurgeons working in this field.

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preliminary investigations of rotary ultrasonic neurosurgical bone grinding using Grey-Taguchi optimization methodology

2020

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“…Furthermore, the parametric levels have been selected on the basis of trial experiments and literature studied. [2][3][4]6,[17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31] The experimental matrix is designed in accordance with 3 3 full-factorial design, which consists of 27 unique and in total 81 experiments with triplicate. The machining conditions used have been tabulated in Table 1.…”

Section: Experimentationmentioning

confidence: 99%

In vivo evaluation of machining forces, torque, and bone quality during skull bone grinding

2020

Proc Inst Mech Eng H

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This study investigates neurosurgical bone grinding with varying parameters on skull bone using a miniature grinding burr. Three process parameters, namely, rotational speed, feed rate, and depth of cut, have been investigated at three different levels in the terms of tangential force, thrust force, and torque generated during grinding. The results revealed that as the rotational speed is increased, the cutting forces and torque showed a decreasing trend. Nevertheless, the increase in feed rate and depth of cut leads to the escalation in response characteristics. The best parametric combination for minimum cutting forces and torque is as follows: rotational speed = 55,000 r/min, feed rate = 20 mm/min, and depth of cut = 0.50 mm. Morphological analysis reveals cracks in the bone’s surface at a higher feed rate. Furthermore, delamination and cutting streaks are also visible on the surface of the bone after grinding. Energy-dispersive spectroscopy and elemental mapping of the tool after bone grinding indicate the accumulation of the bone chips in the successive diamond abrasives. The outcomes of the study will be beneficial for the neurosurgeons in understanding the effect of various process parameters on cutting force, toque, microcracks, and bone’s regeneration ability during surgical bone grinding.

“…The machining conditions opted for the present investigation are tabulated in Table 1. The parameters and their corresponding levels have been selected after consultation with neurosurgeons, machine constraints, and literature studied [11,[21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29]. The neurosurgeons often use high speed (up to 60k) for bone grinding.…”

Section: Machining Conditions and Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermogenesis mitigation using ultrasonic actuation during bone grinding: a hybrid approach using CEM43°C and Arrhenius model

J Braz. Soc. Mech. Sci. Eng.

2019

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Bone grinding has cemented its applications in the various sorts of the neurosurgeries. Generally, a rotating burr is used to remove a part of the bone to expose the tumors present underneath the bone. The abrasion caused by the grinding wheel causes a rise in temperature owing to the generation of the heat during grinding and would have severe consequences with the initiation of thermogenesis. To bridge this gap, an in-house experimental setup was developed to perform multi-pass rotary ultrasonic neurosurgical bone grinding. Three functional characteristics, namely rotational speed, feed rate, and amplitude, have been investigated using Taguchi L18 orthogonal array design. The regression equations have been obtained and validated with confirmation experiments using a random set of machining parameters. Further, machining parameters are optimized using genetic algorithm and confirmatory trials are performed using optimized conditions. The results of statistical analysis (ANOVA) revealed that the feed rate is the most significant parameter influencing the change in temperature during osteotomy. Nevertheless, the standard deviation was most affected by rotational speed. Furthermore, a comparative analysis has been carried out for conventional and rotary ultrasonic neurosurgical grinding. A hybrid approach using cumulative equivalent minutes (CEM43°C) and Arrhenius model has been used to predict the thermal damage caused to the human body's tissues during bone grinding. The results obtained have been experimentally validated, and outcomes revealed that ultrasonically actuated grinding burr may prevent osteonecrosis and neural damage duly supported with infrared thermograms and graphical plots. Keywords Bone grinding • Ultrasonic • Genetic algorithm • Infrared thermography • CEM43°C • Arrhenius equations List of symbols Ω Tissue damage function A Pre-exponential factor (s −1) E a Arrhenius activation energy (J/mol) τ Time (s) R Universal gas constant (J/mol k) K Rate constant T Actual exposure temperature (°C) T break Breaking point temperature CEM43°C Cumulative number of equivalent minutes at 43 °C F Feed rate (mm/min) A Amplitude (µm) D Depth of cut (mm) ∆T Change in temperature (°C) σ Standard deviation CG Conventional grinding RUNG Rotary ultrasonic neurosurgical grinding