Ross River Virus in Mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) During the 1994 Epidemic Around Brisbane, Australia

Ritchie, Scott A.; Fanning, I. D.; Phillips, D.; Standfast, H. A.; McGinn, D.; Kay, Brian H.

doi:10.1093/jmedent/34.2.156

Cited by 79 publications

(71 citation statements)

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“…vigilax, and Aedes notoscriptus are consistent with the likely role of these species as vectors. 9,12,16,31,32 However, the virus was also isolated from 5 species not previously associated with RR virus,…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…The method used to isolate virus was described by Ritchie and others. 12 Pools of up to 25 mosquitoes were homogenized by hand in 2 mL cold RPMI-1640 (Roswell Park Memorial Institute medium) containing 0.2% bovine serum albumin. The homogenates were then centrifuged; 100 L of supernatant was inoculated onto confluent monolayers of C6-36 (Aedes albopictus) cells in 25 cm 2 tissue culture flasks and incubated at 28ЊC.…”

Section: Mosquito Collectionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…3,[8][9][10] Serological surveys and virus isolation from mosquitoes trapped near a flying fox camp suggested flying foxes might be reservoir hosts. 8,11,12 However, Ryan and others concluded that the gray-headed flying-fox, Pteropus poliocephalus, was not an important reservoir host because only 10 of 510 (2%) Aedes vigilax that fed on infected flying-foxes were infected with RR virus after an extrinsic incubation period, and because RR virus could not be detected in any of 122 bloodfed Ae. vigilax immediately after feeding on infected P. poliocephalus.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…9,[14][15][16][17][18] Ross River virus has been isolated from 27 mosquito species in Australia comprising 19 Aedes, 2 Anopheles, 1 Coquilletidia, 5 Culex, 1 Mansonia, 3 undescribed species, and an unidentified species of Tripteroides. 12,16,[19][20][21] However, the vector status of most of these is unknown. 14 Aedes polynesiensis and Aedes aegypti may have transmitted RR virus in a large epidemic in the South Pacific in the late 1970s and early 1980s.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Mosquito isolates of Ross River virus from Cairns, Queensland, Australia.

Harley¹,

Ritchie²,

Phillips³

et al. 2000

The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Abstract. During 1996-1998 60,619 mosquitoes were collected around Cairns, Australia and processed for Alphavirus isolation. Thirty-three isolates of Ross River (RR) virus were made from 9 species, Aedes imprimens, Aedes kochi, Aedes notoscriptus, Aedes vigilax, Culex annulirostris, Culex gelidus, Mansonia septempunctata, Verrallina (formerly Aedes) carmenti, and Verrallina lineatus. Attempts to isolate RR virus from 121 Aedes aegypti were unsuccessful. Twenty-six (79%) of the isolates came from within 1 km of a colony of spectacled flying-foxes, Pteropus conspicillatus. The minimum infection rate for these mosquitoes was 1.0 compared with 0.2 per 1,000 for mosquitoes trapped at all other sites. Ross River virus has not previously been isolated from Ae. imprimens, Cx. gelidus, Ma. septempunctata, Ve. carmenti, or Ve. lineatus. This is also the first isolation of an arbovirus from Cx. gelidus in Australia. In conclusion, the vector status of Ve. carmenti, Ae. aegypti and Ma. septempunctata warrants further study. This study also provides evidence that P. conspicillatus may be a reservoir host.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Mosquito Collectionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mosquito isolates of Ross River virus from Cairns, Queensland, Australia.

Harley¹,

Ritchie²,

Phillips³

et al. 2000

The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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“…If birds act as reservoir hosts, they could also account for these observations. Serologic surveys and virus isolations from mosquitoes trapped near flying fox camps suggest that flying foxes might be reservoir hosts (49,71,79,158). However, experimentally infected gray-headed (Pteropus poliocephalus) and red (Pteropus scapulatus) flying foxes failed to develop detectable viremias (130).…”

Section: Ecology Of Rrv Vertebrate Reservoir Hostsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ross River Virus Transmission, Infection, and Disease: a Cross-Disciplinary Review

2001

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SUMMARY Ross River virus (RRV) is a fascinating, important arbovirus that is endemic and enzootic in Australia and Papua New Guinea and was epidemic in the South Pacific in 1979 and 1980. Infection with RRV may cause disease in humans, typically presenting as peripheral polyarthralgia or arthritis, sometimes with fever and rash. RRV disease notifications in Australia average 5,000 per year. The first well-described outbreak occurred in 1928. During World War II there were more outbreaks, and the name epidemic polyarthritis was applied. During a 1956 outbreak, epidemic polyarthritis was linked serologically to a group A arbovirus (Alphavirus). The virus was subsequently isolated from Aedes vigilax mosquitoes in 1963 and then from epidemic polyarthritis patients. We review the literature on the evolutionary biology of RRV, immune response to infection, pathogenesis, serologic diagnosis, disease manifestations, the extraordinary variety of vertebrate hosts, mosquito vectors, and transmission cycles, antibody prevalence, epidemiology of asymptomatic and symptomatic human infection, infection risks, and public health impact. RRV arthritis is due to joint infection, and treatment is currently based on empirical anti-inflammatory regimens. Further research on pathogenesis may improve understanding of the natural history of this disease and lead to new treatment strategies. The burden of morbidity is considerable, and the virus could spread to other countries. To justify and design preventive programs, we need accurate data on economic costs and better understanding of transmission and behavioral and environmental risks.

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