Ross River virus disease clinical presentation, pathogenesis and current therapeutic strategies

Liu, Xiang; Tharmarajah, Kothila; Taylor, Adam

doi:10.1016/j.micinf.2017.07.001

Cited by 25 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 64 publications

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“…Alphaviruses are a large group of positive-stranded RNA viruses that belong to the genus Alphavirus in the family Togaviridae (25) and include numerous medically important human pathogens such as Sindbis virus (SINV), Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), Ross River virus, Eastern equine encephalitis virus, Western equine encephalitis virus, Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus, etc. The infections by these viruses are responsible for a broad spectrum of diseases, ranging from mild, undifferentiated, febrile illness to debilitating polyarthralgia, encephalitis and even death in humans and horses (26)(27)(28)(29). To date, there is no approved antiviral therapy specific for alphaviruses (30).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Capsid Protein of Semliki Forest Virus Antagonizes RNA Interference in Mammalian Cells

Zhou

Shu

et al. 2020

J Virol

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RNA interference (RNAi) is a conserved antiviral immune defense in eukaryotes, and numerous viruses have been found to encode viral suppressors of RNAi (VSRs) to counteract antiviral RNAi. Alphaviruses are a large group of positive-stranded RNA viruses that maintain their transmission and life cycles in both mosquitoes and mammals. However, there is little knowledge about how alphaviruses antagonize RNAi in both host organisms. In this study, we identified that Semliki Forest virus (SFV) capsid protein can efficiently suppress RNAi in both insect and mammalian cells by sequestrating double-stranded RNA and small interfering RNA. More importantly, when the VSR activity of SFV capsid was inactivated by reverse genetics, the resulting VSR-deficient SFV mutant showed severe replication defects in mammalian cells, which could be rescued by blocking the RNAi pathway. Besides, capsid protein of Sindbis virus also inhibited RNAi in cells. Together, our findings show that SFV uses capsid protein as VSR to antagonize RNAi in infected mammalian cells, and this mechanism is probably used by other alphaviruses, which shed new light on the knowledge of SFV and alphavirus. IMPORTANCE Alphaviruses are a genus of positive-stranded RNA viruses and include numerous important human pathogens, such as Chikungunya virus, Ross River virus, Western equine encephalitis virus, etc., which create the emerging and reemerging public health threat worldwide. RNA interference (RNAi) is one of the most important antiviral mechanisms in plants and insects. Accumulating evidence has provided strong support for the existence of antiviral RNAi in mammals. In response to antiviral RNAi, viruses have evolved to encode viral suppressors of RNAi (VSRs) to antagonize the RNAi pathway. It is unclear whether alphaviruses encode VSRs that can suppress antiviral RNAi during their infection in mammals. In this study, we first uncovered that capsid protein encoded by Semliki Forest virus (SFV), a prototypic alphavirus, had a potent VSR activity that can antagonize antiviral RNAi in the context of SFV infection in mammalian cells, and this mechanism is probably used by other alphaviruses.

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confidence: 99%

The Capsid Protein of Semliki Forest Virus Antagonizes RNA Interference in Mammalian Cells

Zhou

Shu

et al. 2020

J Virol

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“…Meningitis or encephalitis has also been reported, although this may be incidental to RRV infection [309]. While the common symptoms may last for a few days or weeks [311,314], rheumatic symptoms may last for up to six months, according to currently available case reports [309,315,316]. No fatality has been directly linked to RRV infection [309,317].…”

Section: Ross River Virus (Rrv)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…RRV is maintained in nature within an enzootic cycle between vertebrate hosts, mainly macropod marsupials, and mosquito vectors [309,311]. Despite the key role of marsupials, the ecology of RRV is actually quite complex, since there is a large number of other potential vertebrate hosts [309,314], such as non-macropod marsupials, bats, and horses [318].…”

Section: Ecology and Transmission Cycles Of Rrvmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemic Alphaviruses: Ecology, Emergence and Outbreaks

et al. 2020

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Over the past century, the emergence/reemergence of arthropod-borne zoonotic agents has been a growing public health concern. In particular, agents from the genus Alphavirus pose a significant risk to both animal and human health. Human alphaviral disease presents with either arthritogenic or encephalitic manifestations and is associated with significant morbidity and/or mortality. Unfortunately, there are presently no vaccines or antiviral measures approved for human use. The present review examines the ecology, epidemiology, disease, past outbreaks, and potential to cause contemporary outbreaks for several alphavirus pathogens.

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“…Ross River virus, a mosquito-transmitted Alphavirus, is the most common arboviral infection of humans in Australia [1,2] and often results in a characteristic syndrome, including constitutional effects, rash, and rheumatic manifestations [1,3]. A total of 123,875 cases of RRV infection were reported from 1993 to 2019 in Australia, of which nearly half (48.8%) were from Queensland.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiological models for predicting Ross River virus in Australia: A systematic review

et al. 2020

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Ross River virus (RRV) is the most common and widespread arbovirus in Australia. Epidemiological models of RRV increase understanding of RRV transmission and help provide early warning of outbreaks to reduce incidence. However, RRV predictive models have not been systematically reviewed, analysed, and compared. The hypothesis of this systematic review was that summarising the epidemiological models applied to predict RRV disease and analysing model performance could elucidate drivers of RRV incidence and transmission patterns. We performed a systematic literature search in PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and Scopus for studies of RRV using population-based data, incorporating at least one epidemiological model and analysing the association between exposures and RRV disease. Forty-three articles, all of high or medium quality, were included. Twenty-two (51.2%) used generalised linear models and 11 (25.6%) used timeseries models. Climate and weather data were used in 27 (62.8%) and mosquito abundance or related data were used in 14 (32.6%) articles as model covariates. A total of 140 models were included across the articles. Rainfall (69 models, 49.3%), temperature (66, 47.1%) and tide height (45, 32.1%) were the three most commonly used exposures. Ten (23.3%) studies published data related to model performance. This review summarises current knowledge of RRV modelling and reveals a research gap in comparing predictive methods. To improve predictive accuracy, new methods for forecasting, such as non-linear mixed models and machine learning approaches, warrant investigation.

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Ross River virus disease clinical presentation, pathogenesis and current therapeutic strategies

Cited by 25 publications

References 64 publications

The Capsid Protein of Semliki Forest Virus Antagonizes RNA Interference in Mammalian Cells

The Capsid Protein of Semliki Forest Virus Antagonizes RNA Interference in Mammalian Cells

Epidemic Alphaviruses: Ecology, Emergence and Outbreaks

Epidemiological models for predicting Ross River virus in Australia: A systematic review

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