Rosavin: Research Advances in Extraction and Synthesis, Pharmacological Activities and Therapeutic Effects on Diseases of the Characteristic Active Ingredients of Rhodiola rosea L.

Abstract

Rhodiola rosea L. (RRL) is a popular plant in traditional medicine, and Rosavin, a characteristic ingredient of RRL, is considered one of the most important active ingredients in it. In recent years, with deepening research on its pharmacological actions, the clinical application value and demand for Rosavin have been steadily increasing. Various routes for the extraction and all-chemical or biological synthesis of Rosavin have been gradually developed for the large-scale production and broad application of Rosavin. Pharmacological studies have demonstrated that Rosavin has a variety of biological activities, including antioxidant, lipid-lowering, analgesic, antiradiation, antitumor and immunomodulation effects. Rosavin showed significant therapeutic effects on a range of chronic diseases, including neurological, digestive, respiratory and bone-related disorders during in vitro and vivo experiments, demonstrating the great potential of Rosavin as a therapeutic drug for diseases. This paper gives a comprehensive and insightful overview of Rosavin, focusing on its extraction and synthesis, pharmacological activities, progress in disease-treatment research and formulation studies, providing a reference for the production and preparation, further clinical research and applications of Rosavin in the future.

The Role of Rosavin in the Pathophysiology of Bone Metabolism

“…We do not know exactly how rosavin's chemical structure changes in the human gastrointestinal tract, what metabolism it undergoes after absorption into the bloodstream, and, more importantly, what therapeutic dose of rosavin administered orally or intravenously is optimal to show biological effects on bone tissue. So far, such studies have not been conducted, which are necessary in the context of any considerations regarding the use of rosavin as a useful compound in the treatment of osteopenia or osteoporosis [1]. Another aspect worth considering is the assessment of the collective interaction of rosavin and salidroside with bone tissue metabolism.…”

“…Rosavin is a phytochemical belonging to the group of phenylpropanoids [1]. This group of chemical compounds contains a six-carbon aromatic phenyl group and a threecarbon propene tail.…”

“…It has been used in traditional medicine for over 2000 years as an adaptogen, increasing the body's immunity and adaptive capabilities in unfavorable environmental conditions. Rhodiola rosea stimulates the nervous system, improves physical endurance, reduces fatigue, and has antidepressant and antiinflammatory properties [1][2][3][4][5]. This plant requires specific growing conditions and occurs naturally in specified regions of the Earth, especially in Northern Europe, Northern Asia (Siberia), and North America [6].…”