Rosalind Hursthouse, On Virtue Ethics, Oxford, Oxford University Press, 1999, pp. x + 275.

Mason, Elinor

doi:10.1017/s095382080000399x

Cited by 16 publications

(24 citation statements)

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“…Many of these bubbles will coalesce forming larger, more longlived bubbles which will certainly act as a barrier to the transfer of acoustic energy through the liquid. Another possible source of loss of efficiency in the transfer of power could be the so-called decoupling effect [30]. From these data, the amplitude was fixed at 55%.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some authors have stated that in reaction kinetics the effect of ultrasound is higher at lower temperatures [34,35] whereas the ultrasound-assisted extraction of organic additives increases with temperature [33]. Performance passing through a maximum is very common in the variation of sonochemical effects with temperature [26,30], although the temperature of maximum benefit depends on the sonochemical process studied. For this reason experiments were performed at 10°C, 27°C, and 49°C.…”

Section: Effect Of Temperaturementioning

confidence: 99%

“…At temperatures approaching the solvent boiling point, however, many cavitation bubbles are generated concurrently. These will act as a barrier to sound transmission and dampen the effective ultrasound energy from the source which enters the liquid medium [26,30]. When the temperature was fixed between 10°C and 27°C the COD values obtained were equal to the ThOD.…”

Section: Effect Of Temperaturementioning

confidence: 99%

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Ultrasound-assisted method for determination of chemical oxygen demand

Canals

Hernández

2002

Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry

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A method for determination chemical oxygen demand (COD) assisted by use of ultrasound has been successfully evaluated for the first time. The method uses instrumentation simpler and cheaper and, in some instances, safer than that used by previous methods for the same purpose. The new device used for sonication is an all-glass cylindrical sonotrode that can be introduced directly into the reaction mixture. Use of this device enables more efficient interaction between sample and ultrasonic energy. The optimized experimental conditions are high ultrasonic power (55% amplitude, 0.9-second pulses each second), high sulfuric acid concentration (>60%), and a sonication time of 2 min. Under these conditions the method has limitations similar to those of the official COD method with regard to the type of organic compound. It works adequately with easily oxidized organic matter (potassium hydrogen phthalate and dextrose) and other organic compounds difficult to oxidize by conventional methods (e.g. phenol and acetic acid) but the COD values obtained with volatile compounds and difficult organic matter are poor. Chloride is tolerated up to a concentration of 7000 mg L(-1) without any masking agent. Gasification of the sample is recommended to improve results; use of air and argon resulted in no significant differences - bubbling with air during sonication resulted in COD values for certified materials and real wastewater samples statistically identical with the certified COD values and those obtained by the classic (open reflux) method. The use of ultrasound energy for COD determination thus seems to be an interesting and promising alternative to conventional oxidation methods used for the same purpose.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Effect Of Temperaturementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Effect Of Temperaturementioning

confidence: 99%

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Ultrasound-assisted method for determination of chemical oxygen demand

Canals

Hernández

2002

Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry

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“…In nonthermostatted cells, acoustic streaming processes can also increase the rate of heat transfer across the solution [3]. A second effect induced by ultrasound, often referred to as "cavitation", results from the emergence of voids generated by the rarefractive component of the longitudinal sound wave [1,2,6,7], separating solvent molecules apart until the diameter of the void reaches approximately twice the van der Waals' radius of the solvent molecules [7]. At the solid/liquid interface, "cavitational collapse", evidenced by a pitting of the solid surface (and hence, increase in the roughness of the solid [8]), occurs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biphasic sonoelectrosynthesis. A review

Wadhawan

Marken

Compton

2001

Pure and Applied Chemistry

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“…ÂK~ .r2º z'Î"¢ FBÊº ËKj &ae ®b, çöB~ .r2z' Î"~ " öf rË ¶jH~(acoustic cavitation) *ç. r Ë ¶jH~ *çf (1) {», cc~ >' "; öB ¶jH~ ª:~ W(nucleation), (2) WB ¶jH~ ª:~ WË(bubble growth), (3) ®n; ç WËB ¶jH~ ª:~ »Z(collapse)f ?…”

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Effect of Ultrasound on the Decomposition of Sodium Dodecylbenzene Sulfonate in Aqueous Solution

2004

Journal of the Korean Chemical Society

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º £. êWB 7 sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate(DBS) >Ïö .r2(200 W, 6 W/cm 2 )¢ Ò "2>, Ï&Ê 5 ³êö V ªãËj Ò~&. "2>ö V .r2 ª³êº 50 kHzf 600 kHz 200 kHzöB &Ë ©b ¾aeÒ. 200 kHz~ .r2¢ Ï DBS~ ª>wöBº Ö² ¢ Ï~&j r &Ë ª³ê¢ ¾aeÚîb, î²~ ãÖ& &Ë Ìf ª³ê¢ ¾aeÚ .r2> wö ÒÏB Ï&Ê(Ö², V, î², j, )~ bÒ'Wî" W¢:¢~ Wö ~ ª³ê& ¢rrj r > ®. DBS~ ³êö V .r2ª ãËj , 1 mM rae ª³ê~ 6²& Â]2 ¾aeÒb, DBS~ critical micelle concentration(3 mM) ¦"j V&b ª³ê~ aez& ~ ¾ae¾ae pj êWB~ f;W .r2ö ~ Fê>º ¢:¢ö ~ Öz>w" ª:êöB~ ª> wö 'Ëj ~º ©b 'B. *Ú: .r2z, ¶jH~ ª:, OH¢:¢, ª>w, êWB ABSTRACT. The influence of ultrasound frequency, dissolved gases, and initial concentration on the decomposition of sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate(DBS) aqueous solution was investigated using ultrasound generator with 200 W ultrasound power. The decomposition rates at three frequencies(50, 200, and 600 kHz) examined under argon atmosphere were highest at 200 kHz. The highest observed decomposition rate at 200 kHz occurred in the presence of oxygen followed by air and argon, helium, and nitrogen. The effect of initial concentration of DBS on the ultrasonic decomposition was decreased with increasing initial concentration and would depend upon the formation of micelle in aqueous solution. It appears that the ultrasound frequency, dissolved gases, and initial concentration play an important role on the sonolysis of DBS. Sonolysis of DBS mainly take place at the interfacial region of cavitation bubbles by both OH radical attack and pyrolysis to alkyl chain, aromatic ring, and headgroup.

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Rosalind Hursthouse, On Virtue Ethics, Oxford, Oxford University Press, 1999, pp. x + 275.

Cited by 16 publications

References 0 publications

Ultrasound-assisted method for determination of chemical oxygen demand

Ultrasound-assisted method for determination of chemical oxygen demand

Biphasic sonoelectrosynthesis. A review

Effect of Ultrasound on the Decomposition of Sodium Dodecylbenzene Sulfonate in Aqueous Solution

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