Rosa laevigata Attenuates Allergic Asthma Exacerbated by Water-Soluble PM by Downregulating the MAPK Pathway

Abstract

Exposure to water-soluble particulate matter (WPM) containing heavy metals can cause severe inflammatory responses and trigger and exacerbate the onset of asthma. As a follow-up study of Rosa laevigata (RL), this study analyzed the therapeutic effects and mechanisms of oral and intratracheal administration of RL and demonstrated anti-inflammatory effects in asthma models. Worse T-helper cell type 2 (Th2)-related inflammatory and pro-inflammatory responses were observed after simultaneous challenge with ovalbumin (OVA) and WPM. To establish a model of asthma exacerbated by WPM, BALB/c mice were sensitized with OVA + aluminum hydroxide and challenged with OVA + WPM. To confirm the therapeutic efficacy of RL, it was administered both orally and intratracheally. Histopathological analysis of H&E staining confirmed that oral and intratracheal administration of RL alleviated inflammatory cell infiltration in the airways aggravated by OVA + WPM. RL effectively reduced the number of inflammatory cells obtained from the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. In addition, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and multiplex analysis of serum samples confirmed that the administration of RL reduced the levels of immuno-globulin E (IgE), Th2-related cytokines, and pro-inflammatory cytokines. Furthermore, real-time PCR analysis of lung tissue samples confirmed that the release of MUC5AC (Mucin 5AC, Oligomeric Mucus/Gel-Forming) and pro-inflammatory cytokines was reduced by RL, and western blotting confirmed that the administration of RL reduced the phosphorylation of ERK and p38 in the MAPK pathway. In conclusion, oral and intratracheal administration of RL appears to have an anti-asthmatic effect by reducing the secretion of Th2-related cytokines, pro-inflammatory cytokines, and IgE by downregulating the MAPK pathway. Thus, RL has further demonstrated potential for development as an oral and inhaled therapeutic for asthma symptoms exacerbated by WPM exposure.

Involvement of ERK and Oxidative Stress in Airway Exposure to Cadmium Chloride Aggravates Airway Inflammation in Ovalbumin-Induced Asthmatic Mice

“…Research by Devi et al illustrates that Tridax procumbens, a traditionally used medicinal plant known for its anti-inflammatory properties, can suppress ERK pathway activity and mitigate airway inflammation in a murine asthma model [36]. Similarly, Hyun Min Ko has arrived at comparable conclusions [37]. However, the role of ERK in the exacerbation of inflammation following CdCl 2 airway exposure in asthmatic mice remains unclear, as does the potential for ERK pathway inhibition to alleviate this inflammation.…”

Review on the Effects of Herbal Medicine on Respiratory Diseases in <italic>In Vivo</italic> Particulate Matter Models

“…연구가 이루어진 국가 분석 결과 총 34편의 연구 중 국내 연구 14편, 중국에서 이루어진 연구 20편으로 확인 되었다. 다른 물질로 호흡기 질환을 유발한 이후 미세먼 지를 노출시킨 연구는 5편으로, 그 중 4편의 연구 에서 미세먼지와 ovalbumin을 투여하여 각각 2편 씩 천식 44,47 과 알레르기 천식 45,48 을 유발하였으며, 나머지 1편의 연구에서는 Cigarette smoke, Klebsiella pneumonia를 투여하여 만성폐쇄성폐질환(chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, COPD)을 유발한 후 미세먼지에 노출시켰다 46 . 미세먼지의 투여 경로 를 분석한 결과, 천식 동물 모델을 활용한 4편의 연구 중, 2편의 연구 45,47 에서는 ovalbumin을 복강내 주사한 이후 미세먼지와 ovalbumin을 intranasal로 함께 투여하였으며, 나머지 2편의 연구 44,48 38,42 가 각각 nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain (NOD)-like receptor protein 3 activator, potent ferroptosis-triggering agent, phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitor로 활용되었으며, 모든 약물이 미 세먼지에 대한 한약 치료 효과를 유의하게 억제하 였다.…”

“…또한 한약 치료는 PI3K, Akt, mammalian target of rapamycin(mTOR) 및 Janus kinase 1(JAK1), signal transducer and activator of transcription 6(STAT6) 유전자 발현을 감소시 켜 PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway 33 및 JAK1/STAT6 pathway 45 에 대한 억제 효과를 보였다. 또한 high mobility group box 1(HMGB1) 13 , Mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK) pathway 48 , miR-155/FOXO3a pathway 46 , transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (TRPA1), transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 1(TRPV1) 39,43,44…”

“…미세먼지는 체내로 흡입되어 호흡기의 산화적 스트레스 및 염 증 반응을 유발하여 호흡기 손상과 기도개형을 일 으키고 기도 과민성을 증가시킨다 3,6 . 또한, 미세먼 지 노출은 폐기능을 저하시키고 급성 호흡기 감염 51 , 천식 11 , 만성폐쇄성폐질환 10 , 폐암 52 4편의 천식 연구 중 2편 45,47 에서는 ovalbumin을 복 강내 주사한 후 미세먼지와 ovalbumin을 intranasal 로 함께 투여하였으며, 나머지 2편 44,48…”