Rootstocks induce shifts in tree vigor, yield and berry quality of ‘Summer Black’ grapevines

Abstract

Vitis vinifera L.) cv. 'Summer Black' vines on different resistant rootstocks including '101-14M', '110R', '188-08', '5BB', '5C', 'Beta' and 'SO4' (with non-grafted vines as control) were evaluated to make dependable selections and berry quality related traits of eight combinations were assessed over three consecutive years. Scion vigor was improved by 'Beta' which greatly increased mature shoot length (MSL), and by 'SO4' which distinctly enlarged scion trunk cross sectional diameter while yield was restrained on '101-14M'. Cluster mass (CM) was maximal on '188-08', minimal on '5C', and berry mass (BM) was maintained by '188-08', '5BB' and 'SO4'. Grape berries on '101-04M' obtained total vines. Overall, trees on '5BB' and '5C' acquired similar berry qualities (size, chemical traits and texture), yields and growth vigor to the control vines, and they were preferentially recommended for grafting cultivation of 'Summer Black' grapevines. Keywords berry quality, table grape, triploid, vigor, Vitis vinifera, yield components What is already known on this subject? • 'Summer Black' is a very popular seedless grape cultivar in China for its good taste. Selection of suitable performances of cultivation. • 'Summer Black' vines grafted on '5BB' and '5C' kept proper balance in vine vigor, berry quality and fruit yield, and those on 'SO4' were markedly productive. What is the expected impact on horticulture? • This study will provide credible preferences for choosing suitable rootstocks of 'Summer Black', and is which might be destructive. German Society for Horticultural Science stresses, rootstocks modify the scion performance, i.e., yield, berry quality and vine vigor (Wang et al., 2019). However, improved the vigor of 'Monastrell' (Romero et al., 2018), but reduced the size of 'Chardonnay' vines (Ferroni and Scalabrelli, 1995). Even the same scion/rootstock combination may present various performances (Sommer et al., 2001; viticulture practices on grapes. In recent years, the utilization of resistant rootstocks is paid rising concerns by researchers in China (Gao et al., 2015; Zhang et al., 2012), and grafting a few wine grape varieties onto rootstocks were studied (Li et al., 2019a; Wang et al., 2019). Despite that rootstocks were realized with great potential in resisting stresses, most table grapes are still cultivated by cuttings due to the fortune of not having any phylloxera pest problems in the early years (http://www. fao.org/3/x6897e/x6897e05.htm). However, phylloxera has occurred in some provinces of China since 2005 (Zhang et al., 2010). To cope with the potential stresses, it appears indispensable to make reliable evaluations of rootstocks on agvarieties. 'Summer Black' ('Kyoto' × 'Thompson Seedless'), a classical seedless table grape cultivar released in 2000, is popular in both consumers and growers in China (Wang et al., 2017), and its planting area ran into nearly 20 thousand hectares in 2014 (Cheng et al., 2016). According to an internal communication by scientists from China Agriculture Research System, ...