Rootstock breeding: current practices and future technologies.

Thompson, Andrew J.; Picó, Maria Belén; Yetışır, Halit; Cohen, Roni; Bebeli, Penelope J.

doi:10.1079/9781780648972.0070

Cited by 8 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 81 publications

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“…Shoot biomass and grafted success rate of the hybrids have increased as compared to the parents, 1.5 times and approximately 20%, respectively. In previous studies, it was reported that interspeci c hybrids rootstocks performed better than C. maxima and C. moschata rootstocks in terms of root vigor and grafting success (Davis et al 2008;King et al 2010;Thompson et al 2017). However, Edelstein et al (2017) found the same rooting capacity values between interspeci c hybrid rootstocks and their parents in grafted melon.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Commercial Cucurbits are most commonly grafted onto interspeci c Cucurbita hybrid (C. maxima × C. moschata) rootstocks (Edelstein et al 2017). These interspeci c hybrids have become a widely accepted paradigm for vigorous rootstocks that improve yield and biotic resistance of Cucurbits (Thompson et al 2017). C. maxima × C. moschata crosses generally give rather poor fruit set and seed yield, and usually produce a sterile hybrid plant (Karaağaç and Balkaya 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Combining ability and heterosis for root structure and graft-related traits of interspecific Cucurbita rootstocks

Karaağaç¹

2021

Euphytica

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Interspeci c hybrid Cucurbita rootstocks (Cucurbita maxima × Cucurbita moschata) are the most widely used rootstocks for Cucurbitaceous vegetables in the world. In recent years, scientists have focused on understanding and exploiting root architectures as new opportunities for crop improvement. Selection of parents and hybrids based on combining ability test is an effective approach in interspeci c hybrid variety breeding. However, very little information is available on the combining ability tests for the rooting and graft-related traits in these rootstocks. Ondokuz Mayis University and Black Sea Agricultural Research Institute are conducting a program to breed Cucurbita rootstocks of Turkey for fteen years. In this study, seven C. maxima (BC 5 F 1 generation) lines as female parents and three C. moschata (S 6 generation) lines as male parents were used to obtain 21 crosses. Interspeci c hybrids and their parent rootstocks grafted onto watermelon were analyzed in terms of general combining ability (GCA), speci c combining ability (SCA), heritability, and heterosis for roots and graft-related traits including root volume (cm 3 ), root length (m), root dry weight (g), hairy root rate (%), average root diameter (mm), shoot dry weight (g), graft success rate (%), and hypocotyl thickness ratio (%) by using line × tester mating design. The quotient of GCA/SCA effects for all root and hypocotyl traits were higher than 1, suggesting the preponderance of additive over non-additive gene action in the expression of these traits, whereas graft success was controlled by additive and non-additive gene effects. It was determined that average root diameter had high heritability (63.85%) and the other traits had intermediate heritability ranging from 40.59% to 58.98%. Combining ability analyses indicated that FTS5, GH12, and GRD17 lines were promising parents with greater general combining ability. Three crosses, GRD17 × FTS5, B12 × FTS5, and BH5 × CHI2 showed superior mid-parent heterosis and signi cant SCA for most characters. Present ndings will provide signi cant contributions in understanding of inheritance and then achieving desirable improved rootstocks in C. maxima × C. moschata.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Combining ability and heterosis for root structure and graft-related traits of interspecific Cucurbita rootstocks

Karaağaç¹

2021

Euphytica

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“…However, undesired traits, such as reproductive incompatibility [44], poor germination of seeds and the reduction in stem girth of plants may limit the scope of using wild species directly as rootstock. Hence, instead of simply using wild species as a rootstock, the hybrids or derivatives of wild species can be successfully used as rootstocks to obtain desired results [14,45]. Several reports suggest that droughtinduced growth inhibition in tomatoes can be circumvented by grafting [46,47].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The selection and development of the line or heterotic F 1 hybrid has been a successful approach for developing rootstocks to address the issues related to using wild species, such as a rootstock that retains beneficial traits in the tomato [14]. The wild species of tomato, including S. pimpinellifolium and S. pennellii and even others, are tolerant to various abiotic stresses, including drought [15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of Phenomics to Elucidate the Influence of Rootstocks on Drought Response of Tomato

et al. 2022

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The cultivation of nutritionally and economically important crops like tomato are often threatened by dry spells due to drought as these crops largely depend on an assured water supply. The magnitude and intensity of drought is predicted to intensify under climate change scenarios, particularly in semi-arid regions, where water is already a scarce resource. Hence, it is imperative to devise strategies to mitigate the adverse effects of drought on tomato through improvement in the plant’s efficiency to utilise the moisture in the growth medium. Since the root is the entry point for water, its intrinsic structure and functions play a crucial role in maintaining the soil–water–plant continuum during moisture deficit at the rhizosphere. Grafting offers a great opportunity to replace the root system of the cultivated tomato plants with that of wild species and hence provide a rapid solution to modulate root system architecture in contrast to the time-consuming conventional breeding approach. However, the success in developing the best graft combination of cultivated tomato and rootstock depends on the source of rootstock and selection methods. In this study, we used a high throughput phenomics facility to assess the efficiency of tomato, grafted on the rootstocks of different genetic backgrounds, at different levels of moisture in the soil. Rootstocks included tomato cultivars and the hybrids, derived from the crosses involving wild relatives, as donor parents. Among the rootstocks, an interspecific (Solanum lycopersicum × S. pennellii) derivative RF4A was highly efficient in terms of productive use of water. The RF4A rootstock-grafted plants were more conservative in water use with higher plant water status through relatively better stomatal regulation and hence were more efficient in generating greater biomass under water stress conditions. These plants could maintain a higher level of PSII efficiency, signifying better photosynthetic efficiency even under water stress. The distinct response of interspecific rootstock, RF4A, to water stress can be ascribed to the effective root system acquired from a wild parent (S. pennellii), and hence efficient water uptake. Overall, we demonstrated the efficient use of a phenomics platform and developed a protocol to identify promising rootstock–scion combinations of tomato for optimization of water use.

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“…Changes in root function and architecture have resulted in enhancements for crop production (Hammer et al, 2009 ; Siddiqui et al, 2021 ), and much has been achieved to understand the genetic regulation of root system architecture and development, particularly in Arabidopsis (Motte et al, 2019 ). Breeding for improved root systems is of great interest for grafted vegetable production where elite scion genotypes with favourable aboveground traits are grafted onto rootstocks, especially in the solanaceous crops tomato, pepper and eggplant (Thompson et al, 2017 ). When choosing rootstocks, the foremost interests are the overall yield, resistance against biotic and abiotic stresses and improved resource use efficiency (Martínez-Andújar et al, 2020 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Missense mutation of a class B heat shock factor is responsible for the tomato bushy root-2 phenotype

et al. 2022

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The bushy root-2 (brt-2) tomato mutant has twisting roots, and slower plant development. Here we used whole genome resequencing and genetic mapping to show that brt-2 is caused by a serine to cysteine (S75C) substitution in the DNA binding domain (DBD) of a heat shock factor class B (HsfB) encoded by SolycHsfB4a. This gene is orthologous to the Arabidopsis SCHIZORIZA gene, also known as AtHsfB4. The brt-2 phenotype is very similar to Arabidopsis lines in which the function of AtHsfB4 is altered: a proliferation of lateral root cap and root meristematic tissues, and a tendency for lateral root cap cells to easily separate. The brt-2 S75C mutation is unusual because all other reported amino acid substitutions in the highly conserved DBD of eukaryotic heat shock factors are dominant negative mutations, but brt-2 is recessive. We further show through reciprocal grafting that brt-2 exerts its effects predominantly through the root genotype even through BRT-2 is expressed at similar levels in both root and shoot meristems. Since AtHsfB4 is induced by root knot nematodes (RKN), and loss-of-function mutants of this gene are resistant to RKNs, BRT-2 could be a target gene for RKN resistance, an important trait in tomato rootstock breeding.Gene & accession numbersSolycHsfB4a - Solyc04g078770.

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Rootstock breeding: current practices and future technologies.

Cited by 8 publications

References 81 publications

Combining ability and heterosis for root structure and graft-related traits of interspecific Cucurbita rootstocks

Combining ability and heterosis for root structure and graft-related traits of interspecific Cucurbita rootstocks

Application of Phenomics to Elucidate the Influence of Rootstocks on Drought Response of Tomato

Missense mutation of a class B heat shock factor is responsible for the tomato bushy root-2 phenotype

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