Roots of willow (Salix viminalis L.) show marked tolerance to oxygen shortage in flooded soils and in solution culture

Jackson, Michael B.; Attwood, Paul A.

doi:10.1007/978-94-011-5696-7_4

Cited by 22 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Root biomass was not affected, suggesting that this willow clone is more adapted to withstand high water supplied soils. Our results confirm previous experiments which emphasized that this response is probably due to this clone's capacity to produce more adventitious roots (Krasny et al 1988;Ohmann et al 1990) and aerenchyma (Jackson and Attwood 1996). In addition, the ratio between root and aboveground biomass shows that while this parameter was reduced by the W 5 treatment in poplar, it was unchanged in willow, mainly because root growth was not affected by high water supply.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…For instance, under continuous flood conditions, a reduced photosynthetic capacity and an increase of photoassimilates to the root system have been observed (Li et al 2004). Additional information has been provided by other authors, who found that after 1 month of permanent flood conditions, willow (Salix viminalis L.) shoot growth was negatively affected while the root system withstood oxygen shortage mainly by development of adventitious roots and aerenchyma (Jackson and Attwood 1996). Therefore, the suitability of willows and poplars as a filter for improving the quality of aquaculture farming effluents must be carefully tested to verify the plants' ability to survive under these specific conditions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 88%

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Effects of High Water Supply on Growth, Water Use, and Nutrient Allocation in Willow and Poplar Grown in a 1-Year Pot Trial

Guidi

Labrecque

2009

Water Air Soil Pollut

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This study was carried out to test ex situ growth and soil nutrient removal efficiency of 1-year-old potted willow and poplar plants. Plants were grown under two different water regimes: low irrigationaround soil field capacity (W)-and high irrigationfive times higher than field capacity (W 5 ). Results showed that plant productivity and water use efficiency were greater when trees were grown in the appropriate level of soil water content rather than at excessive moisture levels. Nutrient leaching was also affected by the high irrigation treatment. However, the poplar and willow clones used in this experiment showed different nutrient allocation patterns in the plant-soil-water system. The poplar clone accumulated the highest quantities of N and P in the soil. Willow accumulated N and P mainly in the biomass due to better root development under both treatments. This indicates the better performance of the willow clone in removing N and P from contaminated aquaculture wastewaters during the first growing season.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Effects of High Water Supply on Growth, Water Use, and Nutrient Allocation in Willow and Poplar Grown in a 1-Year Pot Trial

Guidi

Labrecque

2009

Water Air Soil Pollut

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“…These shoot forms contrast with the shoot architecture of other cottonwoods and most poplars, which have wider leaves, and larger trunks and branches at maturity (Farrar 1995). In studying flood tolerance of woody plants, there has been an emphasis on root characteristics, such as aerenchyma, and the ready formation of shallow, adventitious roots that benefit root oxygenation (Jackson and Attwood 1996;Kozlowski 2002). Within our study, the influence of the flood treatment on foliar gas exchange apparently declined over time and associated with this we did observe adventitious roots in the shallow water that inundated the flood-treated saplings.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 62%

Effects of flooding on leaf development, transpiration, and photosynthesis in narrowleaf cottonwood, a willow-like poplar

et al. 2009

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The narrowleaf cottonwood, Populus angustifolia, occurs in occasionally flooded, low elevation zones along river valleys near the North American Rocky Mountains. This small poplar has narrow leaves and fine branching and thus resembles willows, which are commonly flood-tolerant. We investigated the flood response of narrowleaf cottonwoods and a related native hybrid, jackii cottonwood (P. x jackii = P. balsamifera x P. deltoides), by studying saplings of 24 clones in a greenhouse, with some pots being inundated to provide the flood treatment. Flooding slightly reduced leaf numbers (-10%), and leaf sizes were reduced by about 21% in female P. angustifolia versus a 50% reduction in the female hybrids. Flooding-reduced stomatal conductance and net photosynthetic rate, and reduced transpiration particularly in P. x jackii. The effects on foliar gas exchange declined over a 5-week interval, suggesting compensation. The moderate impact of flooding supports the hypothesis that narrowleaf cottonwoods are flood-tolerant, and we anticipate that these trees could provide traits to increase the flood tolerance of fast-growing hybrid poplars. The results further indicate that female cottonwoods may be more flood-tolerant than males, and females could be more successful in lower, flood-prone sites.

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“…S. gracilistyla will not increase drought tolerance, as water absorption ability increases under conditions of longer flooding between droughts, and may suffer dehydration during the following drought. Negative effects of each flooding or drought on root growth are offset after removal of stresses (Jackson and Attwood 1996;Li et al 2004). However, our results show that RFD does not ameliorate flooding or drought stress; rather, there is an additive stress effect on root growth from successive RFD.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Replenishment is slow because gas diffusion rates in water are orders of magnitude lower than in aerated soil (Armstrong and Drew 2002;Jackson 1985). Ground surface flooding negatively affects plant growth through reduction in leaf stomatal conductance and net photosynthetic rate (Li et al 2004;Pezeshki et al 1998), cessation of root growth (Kozlowski 2000), and growth inhibition (Jackson and Attwood 1996;Pezeshki et al 1998). When flood-tolerant plants experience flooding, they show some anatomical modifications, such as the development of aerenchyma and hypertrophic lenticels, excess stem hypertrophy at the water surface, and development of adventitious roots (Crawford 1982;Pezeshki 2001).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Stress responses in Salix gracilistyla cuttings subjected to repetitive alternate flooding and drought

Nakai

Yurugi

Kisanuki

2010

Trees

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To determine the tolerance of Salix gracilistyla to repetitive alternate flooding and drought, we measured leaf stomatal conductance, pre-dawn water potential, osmotic adjustment, and biomass production under greenhouse conditions. We used a control and nine crossed treatments (F1-D1-F3-D3) in which we combined 1-, 2-, or 3-week floodings (F) and droughts (D). Leaf stomatal conductance was lowest in 3 weeks of flooding or drought when the preceding event (flood or drought) was also of a 3-week duration. Leaf pre-dawn water potential was reduced in 3 weeks of drought when preceded by 2 or 3 weeks of flooding. Cuttings had slight osmotic adjustments in repetitions of long floodings and droughts. During longer durations of drought in crossed experiments, plants had low root and shoot mass, few hypertrophic lenticels, and reduced leaf mass; when flooding duration increased in crossed experiments, root mass was reduced, there were more hypertrophic lenticels, and the leaf area was reduced. Cuttings achieved stress tolerance by inhibition of transpiration, osmotic adjustment, reduction of transpiration area, and development of hypertrophic lenticels. Stress tolerance was weak when repetitive 2-or 3-week floodings were combined with 3-week droughts. The duration of flooding and drought periods under which S. gracilistyla achieves stress tolerance may be critical in determining distributions along riverbanks.

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Roots of willow (Salix viminalis L.) show marked tolerance to oxygen shortage in flooded soils and in solution culture

Cited by 22 publications

References 33 publications

Effects of High Water Supply on Growth, Water Use, and Nutrient Allocation in Willow and Poplar Grown in a 1-Year Pot Trial

Effects of High Water Supply on Growth, Water Use, and Nutrient Allocation in Willow and Poplar Grown in a 1-Year Pot Trial

Effects of flooding on leaf development, transpiration, and photosynthesis in narrowleaf cottonwood, a willow-like poplar

Stress responses in Salix gracilistyla cuttings subjected to repetitive alternate flooding and drought

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