Rooting Characteristics of Four Intermountain Meadow Community Types

Manning, Mary E.; Swanson, Sherman; Svejcar, Tony J.; Trent, James D.

doi:10.2307/3899500

Cited by 57 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…In the period of our study, however, there were no significant grazing effects on RLD. Our results confirm the findings of Manning et al (1989) and Dwire et al (2004) that meadow communities have very high RLDs (root biomass), which may explain the relatively low levels of available nutrients and high organic matter content of the riparian soil we studied.…”

Section: à2supporting

confidence: 91%

Soil Attributes in a Sierra Nevada Riparian Meadow as Influenced by Grazing

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Svejcar

Riegel

2006

REM

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Data on the effects of livestock grazing on soil nutrient availability are virtually nonexistent for meadow systems. We measured the effect of livestock grazing on soil, emphasizing soil-solution chemistry, in a Sierra Nevada riparian meadow. Treatments were livestock exclusion (begun in 1989) and grazing to leave 1 000 kg ha À1 of vegetation. Ceramic tension lysimeters were placed in the treatments (2 replicates) by landscape position (stream edge, midfloodplain, and forest edge), and by depth (approximately 0.1, 0.6, and 1.2 m below the soil surface). Lysimeter water was extracted twice monthly in April, May, and June of 1990 through 1993, and cations and anions were quantified. In addition, KCl-extractable NO 3 À and NH 4 þ ; bicarbonate-extractable ortho-P; available Mn, Cu, Fe, and Zn; and root-length density (RLD) were quantified in soils by treatment, landscape position, and soil depth in July 1991 and September 1993. RLD was not affected by grazing. Significant (P 0.05) treatment effects were largely limited to the forest edge. The grazed treatment had greater lysimeter-extractable Na þ , Ca þ2 , Mg þ2 , and NO 3 À ; higher pH; and less K þ and NH 4 þ than the excluded treatment. Compared with corresponding excluded treatments, bicarbonate-extractable P was significantly greater on the grazed forest edge, and available Mn was significantly greater at the grazed stream-edge position in 1991. Extractable NO 3 À was significantly higher in the 0-25 cm depth increment of the grazed treatment, and available Zn was significantly greater on the grazed midfloodplain position in 1993. Grazing did not result in more anoxic soil conditions than the excluded treatment. Grazing effects were most pronounced at the forest edge, possibly as a result of spatial transfer of nutrients via cow urine and feces. Management goals to sustain highelevation meadows should emphasize maintenance of high RLD to sequester soil nutrients. ResumenVirtualmente no existen datos del efecto del pastoreo animal en la disponibilidad de nutrientes del suelo en sistemas de praderas. Medimos el efecto del apacentamiento del ganadosobre el suelo, enfatizando en la química de la solució n del suelo en una pradera ribereñ a de la Sierra Nevada. Los tratamientos fueron, exclusió n al ganado (desde 1989) y apacentamiento hasta dejar 1 000 kg ha À1 de vegetació n. En los tratamientos se colocaron lísimetros cerámicos de tensió n (dos repeticiones) en cada posició n del paisaje (orilla de cauce, cauce medio y límite del bosque) y por profundidad (aproximadamente 0.1, 0.6, y 1.2 m bajo la superficie). El agua del lísimetro se extrajo dos veces por mes, en abril, mayo, y junio de 1990 a 1993 y se cuantificaron los aniones y cationes. Ademá s, se cuantifico el KCl-extractable; NO 3 À y NH 4 þ ; ortho-P extractable con bicarbonato; Mn, Cu, Fe, y Zn disponibles; y la densidad de la longitud raíz (RLD), estas determinaciones se realizaron por tratamiento, posició n del paisaje y profundidad de suelo en julio 1991 y septiembre 1993. RLD no fue afecta...

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Section: à2supporting

confidence: 91%

Soil Attributes in a Sierra Nevada Riparian Meadow as Influenced by Grazing

Blank

Svejcar

Riegel

2006

REM

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“…Manning (1989) found that Carex nebracensis communities had a root mass of 3,382 g/m 2 and a root length density of 95.6 cm/cm 3 compared to Poa nevadensis which had a root mass of 555 g/m 2 and a root length density of 8. cohesion and strength of stream banks through root reinforcement of bank substrates (Micheli and Kirchner, 2002). These soil binding qualities have direct applications to stream bank restoration techniques.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Bio-engineered StreamBank Stabilization Using Wetland Sod on the Teton River: A Case Study

Salsbury¹

2003

ASMR

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Abstract. Wetland sod in combination with erosion control fabric was used to reconstruct and stabilize an eroding streambank on the Teton River in southeast Idaho. The river has an average base flow of 5.67 m 3 /s and an average peak flow of 34 m 3 /s. Above and throughout the study area the Teton River is a predominantly ground water fed, free flowing system with a moderate spring runoff. Conditions at the study site pre-construction included an average bank height of 1.07 m, an average bank slope of 2:1 and dominant bank vegetation consisting of introduced pasture grasses. The dominant soil type was a silty clay loam. The existing bank was reconstructed by first excavating the bank down to the baseflow water line to a width of 3.66 m. Two layers of long-term erosion control fabric were staked onto the base of the excavated bank using 20 cm wire staples. Soil was compacted onto the erosion control fabric layers to a depth of 0.30 m. Approximately 1 m of the erosion control fabric was wrapped up onto the compacted soil to build the initial toe of reconstructed bank. The remaining soil was sloped back to create a bank with an average slope of 3:1. Wetland sod, a pre-vegetated coir product planted with native sedges and rushes, was installed in two rows onto the constructed toe and remaining bank to a width of 1.83 m. A total of 77 m of eroding bank was reconstructed in 2 days at a cost of $195 per linear meter. In 1 month post construction the pre-vegetated coir material was fully rooted and could not be displaced by human or animal disturbance. Additional

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“…Plants thrive in different microsites, uptake/process nutrients, mitigate pollutants, and trap sediment (figures 2, 3, and 4). Many riparian plant species have evolved to withstand the tremendous forces of flood discharge (figures 2, 3, and 4) (Swanson 1996;Corenblit et al 2011) with their extensive root systems (Manning et al 1989;Winward 2000;Corenblit et al 2007). For riparian recovery, at least some stabilizing species must be present.…”

Section: -Riparian Area Is Expanding or Has Achieved Potential Extentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Riparian proper functioning condition assessment to improve watershed management for water quality

Swanson¹,

Kozlowski²,

Hall³

et al. 2017

Journal of Soil and Water Conservation

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Pollutants can be reduced, ameliorated, or assimilated when riparian ecosystems have the vegetation, water, and soil/landform needed for riparian functions. Loss of physical form and ecological function unravels assimilation processes, increasing supply and transport of pollutants. Water quality and aquatic organisms are response measures of accumulated upstream discharges, and ultimately of changes in riparian functions. Thus, water quality monitoring often fails to identify or lags behind many causes of pollution or remediation from riparian degradation. This paper reviews the interagency riparian proper functioning condition (PFC) assessment for lotic (running water) riparian ecosystems and outlines connections between PFC and water quality attributes (sediment, nutrients, temperature, and dissolved oxygen [DO]). The PFC interaction of hydrology, vegetation, and soils/landforms influences water quality by dissipating energy associated with high waterflow, thereby reducing vertical instability and lateral erosion while developing floodplains with captured sediment and nutrients. Slowing flood water enables aquifer recharge, deposition, and plant nutrient uptake. Water-loving, densely rooted streambank stabilizing vegetation and/or wood helps integrate riparian functions to maintain channel pattern, profile, and dimension with characteristics for a diversity of habitats. A complex food web helps slow the nutrient spiral with uptake and storage. Temperature fluctuations are dampened by delayed discharges, narrower and deeper active channels, coarser substrates that enhance hyporheic interchange, and shade from riparian vegetation. After assessment and implementation, monitoring recovery of impaired riparian function attributes (e.g., streambank plant species) naturally focuses on persistent drivers of water quality and aquatic habitat. This provides timely environmental indicators of stream ecological health and water quality remediation projects or land management. Key words: environmental indicators-function-nutrients-rivers and streamssediment-temperatureWater quality standards are based on needs for beneficial uses, whereas opportunities for remediation are often based on need(s) for riparian functions. Water quality or biological community assessments (USEPA 2009a(USEPA , 2009b cannot predict if an ecosystem is crossing geomorphic or ecological thresholds causing devastating changes to the riparian and aquatic ecosystems (Hall et al. 2014;Kozlowski et al. 2013). For nonpoint source issues, water quality data are lagging indicators (response indicators) and do not inform riparian resource managers or riparian restoration monitors in a timeframe relevant for adaptive management. Water quality and many other terrestrial and aquatic ecosystem goods and services depend on riparian functions. One of the goals of many federal, state, and tribal environmental and natural resource programs is to maintain and restore functionality of stream and wetland riparian areas. This impacts sediment and nutrient loa...

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Rooting Characteristics of Four Intermountain Meadow Community Types

Cited by 57 publications

References 19 publications

Soil Attributes in a Sierra Nevada Riparian Meadow as Influenced by Grazing

Soil Attributes in a Sierra Nevada Riparian Meadow as Influenced by Grazing

Bio-engineered StreamBank Stabilization Using Wetland Sod on the Teton River: A Case Study

Riparian proper functioning condition assessment to improve watershed management for water quality

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