Rooted in Nature: The Rise, Challenges, and Potential of Organic Farming and Fertilizers in Agroecosystems

Abstract

Organic farming, which is deeply rooted in traditional agricultural practices, has witnessed a profound evolution over the last century. Transitioning from a grassroots initiative resisting the industrialization of agriculture to a global industry, organic farming now plays a pivotal role in addressing contemporary challenges related to environmental health, sustainability, and food safety. Despite the growing consumer demand for organic products and market access, organic farming has its challenges. This paper discusses the origin and evolution of organic farming with an emphasis on different types of organic fertilizers, benefits, and challenges. Nutrient variability and the slow-release nature of organic fertilizer often do not meet crop demands and can substantially reduce yield. Some organic fertilizers, like manure and biosolids, can provide a higher yield benefit, but there are environmental and health risks associated with them. Weed and pest management in organic farming can be labor-intensive and increase costs. Inefficient planning of organic farming and rapid transition can also create food insecurity. This paper also gives a brief account of the current certification process for organic fertilizers and their technicalities. It showcases how the holistic approach of organic farming extends beyond production, including strategies like reducing food waste and building self-sufficient farming communities. These practices contribute to a more sustainable agricultural system, reducing environmental impacts and supporting local economies. Future technological innovations, especially in precision agriculture and bio-physicochemical models, can help in formulating targeted organic fertilizers.

Seaweed Proteins: A Step towards Sustainability?

“…Sustainability and environmental considerations are integral to the production of seaweed proteins. By adopting responsible cultivation practices, maximizing resource efficiency, promoting carbon sequestration, preserving biodiversity, and implementing effective waste management strategies, the seaweed industry can minimize its ecological footprint and contribute to the long-term health and resilience of marine ecosystems [ 127 ]. Embracing sustainability principles ensures that seaweed protein production remains environmentally sound, socially responsible, and economically viable for generations to come [ 6 ].…”

Biofungicides Based on Plant Extracts: On the Road to Organic Farming

“…Organic farming is practiced in 188 countries and more than 96 million hectares of agricultural land are farmed organically by at least 4.5 million farmers. Global sales of organic food reached almost EUR 135 billion in 2022 [138]. Currently, organic farming continues to grow, highlighting the importance of creating environmentally friendly alternatives for crop production [142].…”