Root‐Zone Mineral Nitrogen Changes as Affected by Crop Sequence and Tillage

Brown

Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis

et al. 2016

To efficiently use nitrogen (N) while protecting water quality, one must know how a second-year crop, without further N fertilization, responds in years following a manure application. In an Idaho field study of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) following organically fertilized sugarbeet (Beta vulgaris L.), we determined the residual (second-year) effects of fall-applied solid dairy manure, either stockpiled or composted, on wheat yield, biomass N, protein, and grain N removal. Along with a no-N control and urea (202 kg N ha ). All materials were incorporated into a Greenleaf silt loam (Xeric Calciargid) at Parma in fall 2002 and 2003 prior to planting first-year sugarbeet. Secondyear wheat grain yield was similar among urea and organic N sources that applied optimal amounts of plant-available N to the preceding year's sugarbeet, thus revealing no measurable second-year advantage for organic over conventional N sources. Both organic amendments applied at high rates to the preceding year's sugarbeet produced greater wheat yields (compost in 2004 and manure in 2005) than urea applied at optimal N rates. On average, second-year wheat biomass took up 49% of the inorganic N remaining in organically fertilized soil after sugarbeet harvest. Applying compost or manure at greater than optimum rates for sugarbeet may increase second-year wheat yield but increase N losses as well.Abbreviations CNS, carbon-nitrogen-sulfur ARTICLE HISTORY

Section: Field Operations For Winter Wheatmentioning

confidence: 99%

Winter Wheat Yield, Quality, and Nitrogen Removal Following Compost- or Manure-Fertilized Sugarbeet

Brown

Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis

et al. 2016

“…We used a buried-bag method adapted from Westermann and Crothers (1980) and Meek et al (1994) to measure net N mineralization in plot soils. In each plot, four 5.7-cm-diameter soil cores, 0 to 30 cm deep, were collected, composited, and passed through a 0.4-cm screen.…”

Section: Sampling and Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hanselman et al (2004) compared several methods for measuring net N mineralization rates and found that buried bags (Eno, 1960) gave good results until the plastic fi lm lost its integrity (>45 d). In southern Idaho irrigated soils, researchers using a polyethylene bag that diff ered from that of Hanselman et al (2004) achieved good results when the bags were buried for as long as 150 d Crothers, 1980, 1993;Meek et al, 1994;Lentz et al, 2011).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Net Nitrogen Mineralization from Past Years' Manure and Fertilizer Applications

Soil Science Soc of Amer J

2012

The availability of soil N changes in years following a manure application. Experimental plots were established in a southern Idaho calcareous silt loam soil to measure these changes and aid N management in manure‐amended soils of the semiarid West. The study's six manure treatments included combinations of two manure rates, Man‐1× (0.31 Mg total N ha−1) and Man‐3× (0.97 Mg total N ha−1) applied in the fall either 1, 2, or 3 yr previously. Two non‐manure treatments were urea fertilizer applied per soil test (Fert) and a control with no amendment. We measured net N mineralization (0–30 cm) in the plots using buried bags in 2006, 2007, and 2009 for sprinkler‐irrigated crops. This resulted in (i) 2 yr of net N mineralization data for each manure rate applied 1, 2, or 3 yr before measurement, and (ii) 1 yr of data for each manure rate applied 4 or 5 yr previous to the measurement year. A 5‐yr decay series for each of the two manure rates was derived from functions fitted to the net N mineralization data, expressed as a fraction of total manure N applied. The decay series (Year 1–Year 5) for the Man‐1× treatment was 0.23, 0.12, 0.10, 0.09, and 0.08, while that for the Man‐3× rate was 0.20, 0.08, 0.05, 0.04, and 0.03. Soil at the 30‐ to 60‐cm depth contributed up to 28% of the total N mineralized in the 0‐ to 60‐cm soil layer of manure‐amended soils in the third year after application, with lesser amounts contributed in earlier years due to immobilization. The efficacy of N mineralization processes decreased as the manure application increased, thus using a single decay series to predict N availability across a range of manure application rates could lead to substantial estimation errors.

“…Of the field methods, the buried bag technique of Lentz and Lehrsch (2012a), as adapted from Eno (1960), gives representative estimates of in situ net N mineralized for the region's irrigated soils (Westermann and Crothers 1980;Meek et al 1994;Lentz et al 2011). The technique utilizes polyethylene film, permeable to O 2 and CO 2 but nearly impermeable to water vapor, to encase moist soil collected from, then replaced within a few hours into cavities in the soil profile.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Winter and growing season nitrogen mineralization from fall-applied composted or stockpiled solid dairy manure

Brown

et al. 2016

Nutr Cycl Agroecosyst

Adequate characterization of nitrogen (N) mineralization with time from manure and other organic sources is needed to maximize manure N use efficiency, decrease producer costs, and protect groundwater quality. The objective of our 2-year field study at Parma, ID, was to quantify in situ N mineralization with time as affected by a one-time fall application of solid dairy manure, either composted or stockpiled. The experiment included five treatments: a non-N fertilized control, two first-year rates of stockpiled solid dairy manure (21.9 and 43.8 Mg ha -1 , dry wt.) and two rates (53.1 and 106.1 Mg ha -1 , dry wt.) of composted dairy manure (hereafter termed compost). Net N mineralized (mineralization less immobilization) was determined to a depth of 0.3 m by repeatedly measuring soil inorganic N (NH 4 -N ? NO 3 -N) concentrations in buried polyethylene bags. Overwinter mineralization was measured between amendment incorporation in fall and sugarbeet (Beta vulgaris L.) planting the following spring. In-season mineralization was measured in situ for seven consecutive incubation periods during the c. 220-day growing season for furrow-irrigated sugarbeet. Net N mineralized often varied among amendments and from year to year through mid-season, likely due to seasonal variation in soil temperature, annual differences in amendment properties, and other factors.