Root uptake, translocation, accumulation and dissipation of the botanical insecticide, azadirachtin, in young spruce trees

Sundaram, K. M. S.

doi:10.1080/03601239609373068

Cited by 15 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…The systemic distribution of azadirachtin seems to be more concentrated the younger the plants are. Sundaram (1996) demonstrated that systemic effects of neem ingredients were most efficient using young spruce seedlings and nursery plants, similar to our results. The distribution of azadirachtin after root uptake into various plant organs is not homogeneous.…”

Section: Effects Of Tomato Plant Agesupporting

confidence: 91%

Soil application of different neem products to controlCeratothripoides claratris(Thysanoptera: Thripidae( on tomatoes grown under protected cultivation in the humid tropics (Thailand(

Thoeming

Poehling

2006

International Journal of Pest Management

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Ceratothripoides claratris (Shumsher) is an important pest in the tropics, damaging a wide range of crops. Therefore, the effects of soil-applied neem products on C. claratris were investigated on tomatoes (Lycopersicon esculentum) cultivated under tropical conditions in greenhouses in Thailand. NeemAzal-U (NA-U) soil applications resulted in strong systemic effects against C. claratris on young tomato plants when high azadirachtin (AZA) concentrations (400 mg AZA/L) were repeatedly applied. Different application schedules (every second week, weekly, twice a week) as well as organic matter content of typical growing substrates resulted in no significant influence on thrips control. However, plant age did have an influence. The younger the plants were the stronger were the effects after neem soil treatments. A delayed soil application with AZA resulted in increasing thrips population numbers. Of the different Neem products tested, Thai Neem Oil 111 showed the lowest efficiency compared to NA-U and Thai Neem Pellet 222.

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Section: Effects Of Tomato Plant Agesupporting

confidence: 91%

Soil application of different neem products to controlCeratothripoides claratris(Thysanoptera: Thripidae( on tomatoes grown under protected cultivation in the humid tropics (Thailand(

Thoeming

Poehling

2006

International Journal of Pest Management

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“…Even though we did not monitor repellent and antioviposition eVects on adults of D. brassicae, it is likely to be due to the azadirachtin character, that the antioviposition eVect could occur during the Wrst stage after spraying. It has been shown that azadirachtin can be accepted by plants through their root system and other tissues and distributed both intravascularly and intracellularly to diVerent parts of tissues (Sundaram 1996;Wanner et al 1997;Pavela et al 2004;Pavela and Teixeira da Silva 2006). It is likely (according to our Wndings; it has not been published yet) that oilseed rape can accept azadirachtin through leaf stomata or skin and distribute it acropetally to other tissues, thus enhancing the persistence of azadirachtin's eVects, because it does not further decompose in the tissues and can protect the plant during the whole vegetation period (Pavela and Bárnet 2005).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effectiveness of Neem (Azadirachta indica) insecticides against Brassica pod midge (Dasineura brassicae Winn.)

2009

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The eYciency of the botanical insecticide (BI) NeemAzal T/S (containing 1% Azadirachtin A), on the basis of azadirachtin applied in a dose of 20 g a.i. ha ¡1 against Brassica pod midge (Dasineura brassicae), has been monitored for 4 years. The biological eYciency of BI was compared with the eYciency of some synthetic insecticides. It was ascertained that BI was very eYcient in decreasing the number of damaged oilseed rape pods (ranging from 56.5 to 85.9% compared to untreated plants) and its eYciency was comparable with synthetic insecticides based on Chloronicotinyl (Thiacloprid) and Neonicotinoid (Acetamiprid). BI's eYciency was, in some years, even signiWcantly higher compared to pyrethroid ( -cyhalothrin). The high biological eYciency of azadirachtin that we ascertained was signiWcantly reXected in increasing potential crop yields. The yield increase of azadirachtin ranged between 9.3 and 19.4% compared to the control sample. Azadirachtin showed the highest yield for the whole time of experimentation, and in some years the yield increase was signiWcantly higher compared to some synthetic agents.

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“…Factors accounting for the duration of eVects could be related to the uptake capacity of the trees (which was only 45-71% of the actual injection volume in the present experiments). The uptake capacity is inXuenced by several factors, including sunlight intensity, soil moisture, temperature, and wind (Sundaram 1996). Therefore, particular emphasis must be given to the environmental conditions at the time of trunk injection in order to optimise the uptake potential and transportation of azadirachtin through the transpiration Xux.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Sundaram et al 1995;Sundaram 1996). This systemic eVect can be achieved by the application of azadirachtin to the soil with uptake by the roots (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of azadirachtin injection in litchi trees (Litchi chinensis Sonn.) on the litchi stink bug (Tessaratoma papillosa Drury) in northern Thailand

2006

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The litchi stink bug (Tessaratoma papillosa Drury) is one of the major pests of litchi (Litchi chinensis Sonn.) in tropical Asia. Systemic eVects of azadirachtin (at a concentration of 0.17 g active ingredient per centimeter trunk diameter) on T. papillosa were examined by injecting the dissolved product (NeemAzal U) into the trunks of four caged litchi trees in an orchard in northern Thailand. Four untreated caged trees served as control. Mean weekly mortality rates of individuals released on the treatment date (initially 55 nymphs per cage) were signiWcantly higher in the treatment cages (55%) than in the control cages (10%) between the second and the fourth week of the experiment. Mortality in the treatment cages was probably due to both toxic eVects (ecdysis inhibition) and antifeedant eVects (starvation). Weekly mortality rates of individuals released 2 weeks after tree injection (initially 20 nymphs per cage) were not signiWcantly diVerent between treatment and control cages, indicating a weakening eVect of azadirachtin, 2-3 weeks after tree injection. Azadirachtin concentration in ripe fruits was less than 5 mg/kg fruit pulp 18 days after tree injection. Although the results of this study are not yet suYcient for practical recommendations, they provide indications of alternative options for integrated pest management approaches. The azadirachtin tree injection method should also be tested against other pests of litchi, and of fruit trees in general.

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Root uptake, translocation, accumulation and dissipation of the botanical insecticide, azadirachtin, in young spruce trees

Cited by 15 publications

References 17 publications

Soil application of different neem products to controlCeratothripoides claratris(Thysanoptera: Thripidae( on tomatoes grown under protected cultivation in the humid tropics (Thailand(

Soil application of different neem products to controlCeratothripoides claratris(Thysanoptera: Thripidae( on tomatoes grown under protected cultivation in the humid tropics (Thailand(

Effectiveness of Neem (Azadirachta indica) insecticides against Brassica pod midge (Dasineura brassicae Winn.)

Effects of azadirachtin injection in litchi trees (Litchi chinensis Sonn.) on the litchi stink bug (Tessaratoma papillosa Drury) in northern Thailand

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