Root Systems and Root/Shoot Ratios of Seedlings of Some Victorian Eucalypts

Zimmer, W. J.; Grose, R. J.

doi:10.1080/00049158.1958.10675840

Cited by 16 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…Larger investments in root biomass of more drought adapted tree populations have been observed for long (e.g. Hertel et al, 2013;Moser, Kipfer, Richter, Egli, & Wohlgemuth, 2014;Taeger et al, 2015;Zimmer & Grose, 1958), but could not be directly related to climatic variables of the seed origin (see e.g. Taeger et al, 2015).…”

Section: Growth Responses Of Seedlings In Relation To the Seed Originmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biomass partitioning in a future dry andCO₂enriched climate: Shading aggravates drought effects in Scots pine but not European black pine seedlings

Bachofen

Wohlgemuth

Moser

2019

Journal of Applied Ecology

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Climate change alters both water and CO2 availability for plants, but it is largely unknown how they interact with light to affect tree seedling establishment and early growth. Light availability is often regulated by forest management, thus understanding how these resources co‐limit the regeneration success of tree species and populations with contrasting drought tolerances is essential for adaptive forest management and particularly for assisted migration. We studied biomass partitioning of 3‐year‐old Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) and European black pine (Pinus nigra) seedlings in response to combined effects of light (22% and 40% shade), soil water availability (moist and dry conditions) and CO2 (ambient and elevated), and examined the responses of seedlings from Central Alpine and Mediterranean origin. Seedlings of nine populations with varying drought tolerances were grown in a common garden in the European Central Alps. Shoot height, vertical root length, shoot and root biomass of the plants were assessed at the end of the third growing season. Under 40% shade and dry conditions, P. sylvestris seedlings severely reduced shoot biomass, resulting in an increased specific shoot height (SSH) compared to seedlings under 22% shade and moist conditions. In contrast, P. nigra seedlings retained a constant shoot biomass under all treatment combinations. Seedlings from drier origin were generally larger, heavier and had longer vertical roots than those from wetter locations. In order to keep up shoot height, seedlings from wetter origins disproportionately increased SSH under shaded conditions compared to populations from drier origin. Synthesis and applications. Under high light availability, Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) and European black pine (Pinus nigra) seedlings were well adapted to dry conditions. Moderate shading, however, substantially reduced Scots pine but not black pine growth, and potentially amplified the vulnerability of Scots pine seedlings to drought. Optimising light conditions in forests, for example by thinning, may thus enhance early Scots pine regeneration in a drier future climate.

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Section: Growth Responses Of Seedlings In Relation To the Seed Originmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biomass partitioning in a future dry andCO₂enriched climate: Shading aggravates drought effects in Scots pine but not European black pine seedlings

Bachofen

Wohlgemuth

Moser

2019

Journal of Applied Ecology

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“…F ratios from the analysis of variance in total dry weight (W), height ( H ) , root/shoot ratios ( R I S ) and relative growth rate (R) of P. undulatum seedlings grown on two soil types and harvested at four intervals whereas in the Hallam loam a definite tap-root developed (Figs 5 and 6), possibly along the path of least resistance since roots often behave in this way in compacted soils (Greacen et al 1969). Seedlings of P. undulatum can thus adapt either to dry habitats with a tap-root or, with the diffuse root habit, to sites where the availability of moisture and nutrients is high (Zimmer and Grose 1958). These two types of root habit have also been observed in adult trees (Gleadow and Ashton 1981).…”

Section: Seedling Growth Habit Seedling Morphologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Invasion by Pittosporum undulatum of the Forests of Central Victoria. II. Dispersal, Germination and Establishment

Gleadow¹

1982

Aust. J. Bot.

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Invading Pittosporum undulaturn tends to be clumped around the butts of established trees. This is due to the preferential deposition of seeds in these sites by the European blackbird (Turdus merula) which is believed to be the main vector of dispersal. Native silvereyes (Zosterops lateralis) eat some seed but are not considered important in dispersal. The high mortality of seedlings in exposedsites reinforces the patchy pattern originally dictated by seed dispersal. Seeds may germinate after seed fall in spring but most seeds germinate in autumn. No seeds germinate during summer because of the low rainfall and high temperatures, the optimum germination temperature being 18-21°C . After 16 months' storage at moderate temperatures and humidities, 80% of seed was still viable but viability was reduced to 30% at very low humidities. Seedlings of P. undulatum have three growth stages. The juvenile and transitional stages last 6-12 months and have alternate leaves. In the adult phase a terminal vegetative bud forms at the stem apex. Bud burst may occur several times a year in seedlings and twice a year in fruiting adults. The seedling root habit varies with soil type. The seedlings are able to coppice if the shoot is removed P. undulatum is an aggressive invader of eucalypt forests despite the poor survival of the initial colonizers. The formation of a regeneration niche ensures the survival of succeeding generations. Consequently, P. undulatum is a permanent threat to the Victorian vegetation.

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“…In nature, allometric differences may be maintained for larger seedlings. Low rates of shoot growth relative to root growth have been found in other dry site woody species including oaks (Zimmer and Grose 1958;Immel et al 1978;Matsuda et al 1989). However, in one recent study of black spruce [Picea mariana (Mill.)…”

Section: Allometry and Native Habitatmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seedling growth strategies and seed size effects in fourteen oak species native to different soil moisture habitats

Long

Jones

1996

Trees

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Root Systems and Root/Shoot Ratios of Seedlings of Some Victorian Eucalypts

Cited by 16 publications

References 1 publication

Biomass partitioning in a future dry andCO₂enriched climate: Shading aggravates drought effects in Scots pine but not European black pine seedlings

Biomass partitioning in a future dry andCO₂enriched climate: Shading aggravates drought effects in Scots pine but not European black pine seedlings

Invasion by Pittosporum undulatum of the Forests of Central Victoria. II. Dispersal, Germination and Establishment

Seedling growth strategies and seed size effects in fourteen oak species native to different soil moisture habitats

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Root Systems and Root/Shoot Ratios of Seedlings of Some Victorian Eucalypts

Cited by 16 publications

References 1 publication

Biomass partitioning in a future dry andCO2enriched climate: Shading aggravates drought effects in Scots pine but not European black pine seedlings

Biomass partitioning in a future dry andCO2enriched climate: Shading aggravates drought effects in Scots pine but not European black pine seedlings

Invasion by Pittosporum undulatum of the Forests of Central Victoria. II. Dispersal, Germination and Establishment

Seedling growth strategies and seed size effects in fourteen oak species native to different soil moisture habitats

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Biomass partitioning in a future dry andCO₂enriched climate: Shading aggravates drought effects in Scots pine but not European black pine seedlings

Biomass partitioning in a future dry andCO₂enriched climate: Shading aggravates drought effects in Scots pine but not European black pine seedlings