Root system adjustments: regulation of plant nutrient uptake and growth responses to elevated CO2

BassiriRad, Hormoz; Gutschick, Vincent P.; Lussenhop, John

doi:10.1007/s004420000524

Cited by 114 publications

(77 citation statements)

References 130 publications

(136 reference statements)

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“…Particularly noticeable were the 36.2% increase in root mass and 17.3% decline in grain yield under ECT. While grain yield reduction under ECT can be ascribed to shortening of grain filling period by 8 days, the higher root mass could be a compensatory response of plant to meet the increased P requirement under high-CO 2 atmosphere (BassiriRad et al 2001). Phosphorus uptake by wheat.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of elevated CO<sub>2</sub> and temperature on phosphorus efficiency of wheat grown in an Inceptisol of subtropical India

Manoj-Kumar¹,

Swarup²,

Patra³

et al. 2012

PLANT SOIL ENVIRON

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In a phytotron experiment, wheat was grown under two levels of atmospheric CO 2 [ambient (385 ppm) vs. elevated (650 ppm)], two levels of temperature (ambient vs. ambient +3°C) superimposed with three levels of phosphorus (P) fertilization: 0, 100, and 200% of recommended dose. Various measures of P acquisition and utilization efficiency were estimated at crop maturity. In general, dry matter yields of all plant parts increased under elevated CO 2 (EC) and decreased under elevated temperature (ET); however, under concurrently elevated CO 2 and temperature (ECT), root (+36%) and leaf (+14.7%) dry weight increased while stem (-12.3%) and grain yield (-17.3%) decreased, leading to a non-significant effect on total biomass yield. Similarly, total P uptake increased under EC and decreased under ET, with an overall increase of 17.4% under ECT, signifying higher P requirements by plants grown thereunder. Although recovery efficiency of applied P fertilizer increased by 27%, any possible benefit of this increase was negated by the reduced physiological P efficiency (PPE) and P utilization efficiency (PUtE) under ECT. Overall, there was ~17% decline in P use efficiency (PUE) (i.e. grain yield/applied P) of wheat under ECT.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of elevated CO<sub>2</sub> and temperature on phosphorus efficiency of wheat grown in an Inceptisol of subtropical India

Manoj-Kumar¹,

Swarup²,

Patra³

et al. 2012

PLANT SOIL ENVIRON

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“…Plant growth in natural communities is mediated by the availability of soil resources, and any enhancement of plant growth should result in a concomitant increase in their demand for soil resources, further resulting in photoassimilate allocations to below ground structures (Staddon & Fitter 1998, Staddon et al 2002. One possible outcome of predicted increase in plant growth and photoassimilate allocation response to elevated CO 2 is an increase in the reliance of plants on nutrients supplied by the mycorrhizal symbiosis (BassiriRad et al 2001), with increased levels of mycorrhizal colonization and hyphal biomass production (Diaz et al 1993).…”

Section: Root Structure and Function: Arbuscular Mycorrhizaementioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Elevated Co2 on Root Function and Soil Respiration in a Mojave Desert Ecosystem

Nowak¹

2007

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SUMMARYKey results from our research on responses of plants to elevated atmospheric CO 2 at the Nevada Desert FACE Facility (NDFF) and under controlled environment conditions include: Root Structure and FunctionMeasurements of root physiological characteristics and of arbuscular mycorrhizae indicate that:• Root respiration rates of two Mojave Desert shrubs, Ambrosia dumosa and Larrea tridentata, at the Nevada Desert FACE Facility (NDFF) over five growing seasons and L. tridentata seedlings in a greenhouse experiment were not significantly affected by elevated CO 2 .• The combination of elevated CO 2 and phosphorus reduction in greenhouse studies did not affect root growth or activity.• Specific root length was not significantly affected by CO 2 .• Extraradical hyphae (ERH) of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) varied seasonally, with ERH significantly lower at the end of the year. However, percent root colonization was not affected by sample date. These seasonal patterns of AMF are likely due to greater shrub demands for nutrients early in the year rather than changes in soil moisture.• AMF root colonization or ERH did not vary among soils beneath two shrubs, Ambrosia dumosa and Larrea tridentata, and their associated interspaces.• Beneath L. tridentata, immunoreactive glomalin related soil protein (IRSP) concentrations were significantly greater than all other microsites, and IRSP declined significantly over the year in L. tridentata soils. Significantly higher IRSP concentrations in the spring under L. tridentata may be due to turnover of residual ERH produced in the preceding wet year.• AMF root colonization, ERH lengths, and IRSP concentrations were not different between CO 2 treatments after 9 years of CO 2 treatment for samples collected in the spring and fall from three microsites: beneath Larrea tridentata and Ambrosia dumosa canopies and within shrub interspaces. Thus, our results from both the greenhouse and field experiment suggest that root systems of these species have not altered carbon use for respiration processes on a root length basis, nor have they grown in size to compensate for any nutrient limitations imposed by carbon fertilization. Furthermore, neither species showed increased allocation to arbuscular mycorrhizae under elevated CO 2 . AMF appear to explore all areas of the Mojave Desert equally even though nutrient availability varies considerably among microsites. Stimulated nitrogen cycling by other soil microbes in elevated CO 2 plots may eliminate the need for greater production of AMF by increasing nutrient availability in this system. Root GrowthMinirhizotron measurements of root growth reveal that:• Fine roots accumulate over long time periods in the Mojave Desert.• Elevated CO 2 had transitory effects on the accumulation of fine roots, where standing crop of fine roots accumulated to a larger extent under elevated CO 2 for up to 5 months. 1• The transitory greater accumulation of fine roots under elevated CO 2 was primarily due to lower rates of root loss through time.• After a we...

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“…Therefore, we do not expect an increase in carbon fixation to lead to a similar stimulation in growth, unless plants at elevated CO 2 would acquire more nutrients or use them more efficiently (BassiriRad et al 2001). In the case of N, one of the ways to use the acquired nutrients more efficiently is to invest less of the available N into Rubisco, and more into other compounds that limit growth.…”

Section: Interaction Of Co 2 With Primary Resourcesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The growth response of plants to elevated CO2 under non-optimal environmental conditions

2001

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Under benign environmental conditions, plant growth is generally stimulated by elevated atmospheric CO concentrations. When environmental conditions become sub- or supra-optimal for growth, changes in the biomass enhancement ratio (BER; total plant biomass at elevated CO divided by plant biomass at the current CO level) may occur. We analysed literature sources that studied CO×environment interactions on the growth of herbaceous species and tree seedlings during the vegetative phase. For each experiment we calculated the difference in BER for plants that were grown under 'optimal' and 'non-optimal' conditions. Assuming that interactions would be most apparent if the environmental stress strongly diminished growth, we scaled the difference in the BER values by the growth reduction due to the stress factor. In our compilation we found a large variability in CO×environment interactions between experiments. To test the impact of experimental design, we simulated a range of analyses with a plant-to-plant variation in size common in experimental plant populations, in combination with a number of replicates generally used in CO×environment studies. A similar variation in results was found as in the compilation of real experiments, showing the strong impact of stochasticity. We therefore caution against strong inferences derived from single experiments and suggest rather a reliance on average interactions across a range of experiments. Averaged over the literature data available, low soil nutrient supply or sub-optimal temperatures were found to reduce the proportional growth stimulation of elevated CO. In contrast, BER increased when plants were grown at low water supply, albeit relatively modestly. Reduced irradiance or high salinity caused BER to increase in some cases and decrease in others, resulting in an average interaction with elevated CO that was not significant. Under high ozone concentrations, the relative growth enhancement by elevated CO was strongly increased, to the extent that high CO even compensated in an absolute way for the harmful effect of ozone on growth. No systematic difference in response was found between herbaceous and woody species for any of the environmental variables considered.

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Root system adjustments: regulation of plant nutrient uptake and growth responses to elevated CO2

Cited by 114 publications

References 130 publications

Effect of elevated CO<sub>2</sub> and temperature on phosphorus efficiency of wheat grown in an Inceptisol of subtropical India

Effect of elevated CO<sub>2</sub> and temperature on phosphorus efficiency of wheat grown in an Inceptisol of subtropical India

Effects of Elevated Co2 on Root Function and Soil Respiration in a Mojave Desert Ecosystem

The growth response of plants to elevated CO2 under non-optimal environmental conditions

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