Root-Knot Nematode (Meloidogyne javanica) – Deficit Irrigation Interactions on Eggplant Cropped under Open Field Conditions

Abstract

To investigate the influence of deficit irrigation on the root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne javanica, and its interaction with the eggplant crop, field experiments were conducted at two drip-irrigated agricultural areas in Jordan. Effects of limiting irrigation levels to 80, 60, 40 and 20% of the field capacity (FC) were compared with full irrigation (100%) treatment. Growth of eggplant plants was greatly reduced at irrigation levels of 40 and 20% FC at one field location, suggesting that the influence of deficit irrigation is field-dependant. Fruit yield was similar at all irrigation levels, except at 20% level, where a lower yield was noticed compared to 100% irrigation. Root galling of eggplant caused by the nematode was significantly lower at irrigation levels of 20 and 40% than 80 and 100% of FC, but was field-dependant at 60% of FC. The final nematode population was obviously lower at irrigation levels of 20, 40 and 60% than 80 and 100%. Thus, deficit irrigation to levels of 40 or 60% of FC can be utilised for the management of M. javanica infection in eggplant under field conditions.

Defense-related genes induced by application of silver nanoparticles, ascorbic acid and salicylic acid for enhancing the immune response system of eggplant against invasion of root–knot nematode, Meloidogyne javanica

“…These observations were evidence that M. javanica is a potential pathogen for this variety. This result is in agreement with Karajeh and Mohawesh [34], who used the eggplant cv. 'Classic' , a cultivar susceptible to M. javanica, for cropping in field experiments.…”

“…Complementary DNA (cDNA) was synthetized from total RNA with oligo (dT) primer, dNTPs and reverse transcriptase (RT) enzyme (M-MLV, RT, Fermentas, USA) according to the standard protocol and buffer (5X): 3 µL of RNA was added to (10 µL (5x) RT -Buffer), 2.5 µL (25 mmol/L) dNTPs, 5 μL from oligo (dT) primer (20 pL/μL), 0.25 µL (20 µ/µL) RT enzyme and 4.3 µL H 2 O. RT-PCR amplification was performed in a thermal cycler (Eppendorf, Germany): the mixture was incubated at 40 °C for 1 h, then at 70 °C for 10 min, followed by storage at −20 °C until used. q-PCR was performed on the resulting cDNA using a Light Cycler Rotor-Gene 6000 system instrument (qiagen, United States) with a set of gene-specific primers, Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), F-GAGGTGGACAAGGTGTTCGT, R-TTGCCACAACCCACAACTAA [32], Polyphenol oxidase ( P P O ) F -C A T G C T C T T A T G A G G C G T A , R-CCATCTATGGAACGGGAAGA according to [33], Peroxidase (POX) F-GCTTTGTCAGGGGTTGTGAT, R-TGCATCTCTAGCAACCAACG according to [34], and the eggplant ITS rDNA gene was used as a house-keeping gene. The final volume of each reaction (25 μL) contained 12.5 μL of 2× quantitech SYBR® Green RT Mix, forward and reverse primers at 1.5 μL of 10 pmol/μL, 2 μL of template cDNA (50 ng) and 7.5 μL of RNase-free water.…”

Short Communication: The prevalence and species of root-knot nematode which infect on potato seed in Central Java, Indonesia

“…Considering the percentage of infection incidence result in Central Java on rainy seasons harvesting, it could increase if the survey is taken in dry seasons harvesting. This result was also confirmed by Karajeh and Mohawesh (2016), root galling index and nematode population was higher at 80 and 100% irrigated than 20, 40 and 60%. M.…”

Effect of leaf litter mulching on the pests of tomato

“…According to the literature, irrigation increased (Karajeh and Mohawesh 2016) and mycorrhizainoculation decreased (Diedhiou et al 2003) the number of Meloidogyne-induced galls on the roots. We did not experience these effects in our trial, probably due to the weather conditions of the year of the experiment.…”