Root hairs increase rhizosphere extension and carbon input to soil

Holz, Maire; Zarebanadkouki, Mohsen; Kuzyakov, Yakov; Pausch, Johanna; Carminati, Andrea

doi:10.1093/aob/mcx127

Cited by 118 publications

(97 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Contrasting root phenotypes may have differences in root exudate localization and oxygen availability, two factors that have important effects on the composition and function of root‐associated microorganisms (Hinsinger, Bengough, Vetterlein, & Young, ; Neumann & Römheld, ). The distribution and localization of root exudates and the effect of root architecture and anatomy on carbon rhizodeposition and rhizosphere oxygen content remain unclear (Walker, Bais, Grotewold, & Vivanco, ; Zhalnina et al, ), although recent research indicates that in addition to root tips, root zones coated with root hairs are zones of active carbon rhizodeposition (Holz, Zarebanadkouki, Kuzyakov, Pausch, & Carminati, ). Contrasting root phenotypes are expected to offer contrasting environments for soil microbes recruited to the rhizosphere, rhizoplane, and cortex.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Root cortical anatomy is associated with differential pathogenic and symbiotic fungal colonization in maize

Galindo-Castañeda

Brown

Kuldau

et al. 2019

Plant Cell & Environment

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Root anatomical phenotypes vary among maize (Zea mays) cultivars and may have adaptive value by modifying the metabolic cost of soil exploration. However, the microbial trade‐offs of these phenotypes are unknown. We hypothesized that nodal roots of maize with contrasting cortical anatomy have different patterns of mutualistic and pathogenic fungal colonization. Arbuscular mycorrhizal colonization in the field and mesocosms, root rots in the field, and Fusarium verticillioides colonization in mesocosms were evaluated in maize genotypes with contrasting root cortical anatomy. Increased aerenchyma and decreased living cortical area were associated with decreased mycorrhizal colonization in mesocosm and field experiments with inbred genotypes. In contrast, mycorrhizal colonization of hybrids increased with larger aerenchyma lacunae; this increase coincided with larger root diameters of hybrid roots. F. verticillioides colonization was inversely correlated with living cortical area in mesocosm‐grown inbreds, and no relation was found between root rots and living cortical area or aerenchyma in field‐grown hybrids. Root rots were positively correlated with cortical cell file number and inversely correlated with cortical cell size. Mycorrhizae and root rots were inversely correlated in field‐grown hybrids. We conclude that root anatomy is associated with differential effects on pathogens and mycorrhizal colonization of nodal roots in maize.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Root cortical anatomy is associated with differential pathogenic and symbiotic fungal colonization in maize

Galindo-Castañeda

Brown

Kuldau

et al. 2019

Plant Cell & Environment

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“…The priming effect of the root on microbial soil communities has been well described (Huo et al, 2017), and we hypothesize that, similarly in our experiments, differences in root morphology and/or root exudates and rhizodeposits primed the observed shifts in fungal communities under P-replete vs P-deprived conditions. Plants respond to P scarcity by remodeling their root system (Williamson et al, 2001;Nacry et al, 2005), which is likely to redefine fungal niches in the root and the rhizosphere by altering the root surface area and the amount of C exuded by the roots (Holz et al, 2018). More specific plant responses to P scarcity include the accumulation of sugars and primary metabolites, and the production of compounds with antimicrobial activity, such as glucosinolates and flavonoids (Pant et al, 2015;Hiruma et al, 2016), which are all likely to affect plant-microbiota interactions (Badri et al, 2009;Bressan et al, 2009).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plant‐mediated effects of soil phosphorus on the root‐associated fungal microbiota in Arabidopsis thaliana

et al. 2018

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Summary Plants respond to phosphorus (P) limitation through an array of morphological, physiological and metabolic changes which are part of the phosphate (Pi) starvation response ( PSR ). This response influences the establishment of the arbuscular mycorrhizal ( AM ) symbiosis in most land plants. It is, however, unknown to what extent available P and the PSR redefine plant interactions with the fungal microbiota in soil. Using amplicon sequencing of the fungal taxonomic marker ITS 2, we examined the changes in root‐associated fungal communities in the AM nonhost species Arabidopsis thaliana in response to soil amendment with P and to genetic perturbations in the plant PSR . We observed robust shifts in root‐associated fungal communities of P‐replete plants in comparison with their P‐deprived counterparts, while bulk soil communities remained unaltered. Moreover, plants carrying mutations in the phosphate signaling network genes, phr1 , phl1 and pho2 , exhibited similarly altered root fungal communities characterized by the depletion of the chytridiomycete taxon Olpidium brassicae specifically under P‐replete conditions. This study highlights the nutritional status and the underlying nutrient signaling network of an AM nonhost plant as previously unrecognized factors influencing the assembly of the plant fungal microbiota in response to P in nonsterile soil.

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“…The extent of the rhizosphere affected by mucilage (0.6 mm) was smaller compared to results obtained from 14 C imaging analyses. Holz et al (2017) showed that overall root exudates diffused up to 1 mm into the bulk soil. The fact that mucilage did not move as far from the root surface as compared to overall exudates may be explained by the higher viscosity of mucilage compared to root exudates (Read and Gregory, 1997) and reduced diffusion coefficient of mucilage compared to root exudates.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial Distribution of Mucilage in the Rhizosphere Measured With Infrared Spectroscopy

Holz

Leue

Ahmed

et al. 2018

Front. Environ. Sci.

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Mucilage is receiving increasing attention because of its putative effects on plant growth, but so far no method is available to measure its spatial distribution in the rhizosphere. We tested whether the C-H signal related to mucilage fatty acids is detectable by infrared spectroscopy and if this method can be used to determine the spatial distribution of mucilage in the rhizosphere. Maize plants were grown in rhizoboxes filled with soil free of organic matter. Infrared measurements were carried out along transects perpendicular as well as axially to the root channels. The perpendicular gradients of the C-H proportions showed a decrease of C-H with increasing distance: 0.8 mm apart from the root center the C-H signals achieved a level near zero. The measured concentrations of mucilage were comparable with results obtained in previous studies, which encourages the use of infrared spectroscopy to quantitatively image mucilage in the rhizosphere.

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Root hairs increase rhizosphere extension and carbon input to soil

Cited by 118 publications

References 38 publications

Root cortical anatomy is associated with differential pathogenic and symbiotic fungal colonization in maize

Root cortical anatomy is associated with differential pathogenic and symbiotic fungal colonization in maize

Plant‐mediated effects of soil phosphorus on the root‐associated fungal microbiota in Arabidopsis thaliana

Spatial Distribution of Mucilage in the Rhizosphere Measured With Infrared Spectroscopy

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