Root-hair endophyte stacking in finger millet creates a physicochemical barrier to trap the fungal pathogen Fusarium graminearum

Abstract

Seed treatment. Seeds of spring wheat were surface -sterilized as follows: seeds were washed in 0.1% Triton X-100 detergent with shaking for 10 min; the detergent was NATURE MICROBIOLOGY

Review: Endophytic microbes and their potential applications in crop management

“…There are increasing numbers of studies that suggest that endophytes (fungi and bacteria) provide defense to host plants against pathogens and other pests beginning at seed germination and lasting the life of the plant . Bacterial endophytes of genus Pseudomonas, including P. aeruginosa and P. fluorescens, produce a variety of antifungal compounds, including phenazine‐1‐carboxylic acid, 2, 4‐diacetylphloroglucinol, pyrrolnitrin, pyoleutirin and volatiles like hydrogen cyanide compounds that significantly inhibit the growth of fungal pathogens . Species of genus Bacillus are important disease control agents because they synthesize a variety of biologically active molecules that are potential inhibitors of phytopathogens .…”

“…This may result in a ‘quorum‐quenching effect where pathogenic fungi remain avirulent rather than causing disease. Many of the antifungal compounds produced by endophytes target membranes of fungi, inducing nutrient leakage, resulting in reduced virulence of the fungi . Endophytic symbionts also may improve plant resistance and protect plants against a broad spectrum of pathogens, particularly through induced systemic defense (ISR) by upregulating salicylic acid (SA) and jasmonate (JA) pathways and ethylene or PR proteins …”

“…[39][40][41] Bacterial endophytes of genus Pseudomonas, including P. aeruginosa and P. fluorescens, produce a variety of antifungal compounds, including phenazine-1-carboxylic acid, 2, 4-diacetylphloroglucinol, pyrrolnitrin, pyoleutirin and volatiles like hydrogen cyanide compounds that significantly inhibit the growth of fungal pathogens. [41][42][43] Species of genus Bacillus are important disease control agents because they synthesize a variety of biologically active molecules that are potential inhibitors of phytopathogens. 41 A variety of lipopeptides that they produce induce leakage in fungal hyphal membranes that greatly reduces their virulence as pathogens of plants.…”

Tomato root microbiota and Phytophthora parasitica-associated disease

“…To address these issues, mixed-species biofilms formed by pathogens and resident microbiota in the host vicinity are good models. They constitute an adaptation both for survival, by protecting species from fluctuating conditions, and for molecular dialogs favored by promiscuity between species [12–14]. …”

“…In this report, we sought to explore changes in the composition of the rhizosphere microbiota following infection of tomato roots by P. parasitica . This issue was addressed through the analysis of interactions occurring within a biofilm formed by the oomycete on the root surface [13, 14]. To test whether there is a subset of the rhizosphere microbiota able to interact with oomycete and affect plant disease onset, a first aim was to characterize composition and specificity of the rhizopheric microbiota having the ability to colonize biofilms.…”