Root Glucosinolate Profiles for Screening of Radish (Raphanus sativus L.) Genetic Resources

Abstract

Radish (Raphanus sativus L.), a root vegetable, is rich in glucosinolates (GLs), which are beneficial secondary metabolites for human health. To investigate the genetic variations in GL content in radish roots and the relationship with other root phenotypes, we analyzed 71 accessions from 23 different countries for GLs using HPLC. The most abundant GL in radish roots was glucoraphasatin, a GL with four-carbon aliphatic side chain. The content of glucoraphasatin represented at least 84.5% of the total GL content. Indolyl GL represented only 3.1% of the total GL at its maximum. The principal component analysis of GL profiles with various root phenotypes showed that four different genotypes exist in the 71 accessions. Although no strong correlation with GL content and root phenotype was observed, the varied GL content levels demonstrate the genetic diversity of GL content, and the amount that GLs could be potentially improved by breeding in radishes.

Functional Ingredients From Brassicaceae Species: Overview and Perspectives

“…For example, in radish, it has consistently been reported that the majority GLS is glucoraphasatin; however, the raphasatin levels found when the ITC profile was studied, were negligible or non-quantifiable because of the extraction conditions and the hydrolysis affecting the results, especially if the medium is polar or aqueous [26]. Furthermore, the ITC profile of each cruciferous species varies according to the cultivar or variety considered and also according to the plant tissue found [27,28]. For example, in rocket leaves, the main ITC generally detected corresponds to sativin [29], but in rocket seeds, the main ITC detected have been erucin and sulforaphane (SFN) [30].…”

The mechanism of deterioration of the glucosinolate-myrosynase system in radish roots during cold storage after harvest

“…GSL contents were determined by the purification and desulfation of GSLs (ISO 9167-1:1995/A1:2013) and by applying the desulfo-GSLs analysis method (Yi et al, 2015). Ten milliliters of boiled 70% methanol were added to 200 mg of lyophilized radish root powder and placed in a water bath at 90°C for 30 min, and centrifuged at 6950 Â g for 30 min.…”

“…Identification of desulfo-GSLs was performed using a Q Exactive Hybrid Quadrupole-Orbitrap instrument (Thermo Scientific Co., USA) equipped with a Dionex Ultimate 3000 UHPLC system (Thermo Scientific Co., USA) (Yi et al, 2015). Ten lL of samples were separated on an INNO 10 column (2.0 Â 100 mm, Young Jin Biochrom, Korea) at a 150 lL/min flow rate and a 35°C column temperature.…”

“…The system was operated in both negative and positive modes and scanned from m/z 50 to 1000. After injection into the UPLC-ESI-MS/MS system, additional confirmation on the identified desulfo-GSLs was carried out by performing a selective ion scanning and matching with mass fragments of reference information (Yi et al, 2015). The data set for the identification of separated peaks was generated using the UPLC-MS/MS (Thermo Scientific Co., USA) system connected to an Xcalibur2 data system.…”

“…GRH is the predominant GSL that accounts for approximately 74% of the total GSLs while GRE is the second most common GSL and accounts for less than 10% of the total GSLs in radish roots Yi et al, 2015). When plant tissue is damaged by mechanical treatments (chewing, chopping, or cutting) by insects or humans, myrosinase (thioglucoside glucohydrolase, EC 3.2.3.1), separated from GSLs into vacuoles of myrosin cells (Bones & Rossiter, 2006), hydrolyzes GSLs to form ITCs, which have various biological functions in humans and plants.…”