Root-Fungal Associations of Colobanthus Quitensis and Deschampsia Antarctica in the Maritime and Subantarctic

Upson, Rebecca; Newsham, Kevin K.; Read, David

doi:10.1657/1523-0430(07-057)[upson]2.0.co;2

Cited by 43 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…They also corroborate previous data showing reductions in the frequencies of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, the main fungal symbionts of herbaceous plant species, in roots sampled from higher latitudes in the Arctic and Antarctic (Väre et al 1992;Olsson et al 2004;Upson et al 2008). …”

supporting

confidence: 91%

Mycothalli of the hepatic Barbilophozia hatcheri in Antarctica: distribution and identities of mycobionts

et al. 2014

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Forty-four herbarium specimens of the hepatic Barbilophozia hatcheri, collected from across the entire range of the species in Antarctica (54-68 °S), were examined for fungal colonisation. Mycothalli, consisting of hyaline hyphae in rhizoids or hyphal coils in rhizoid bases and stem medullary cells, were present in 42 specimens. The frequencies of mycothalli declined at higher latitudes and were associated positively with annual air 20 temperatures. In contrast, the frequency of dark septate hyphae on stems increased at higher latitudes.Sequencing of ITS regions of fungal rRNA genes amplified from B. hatcheri from 54 °S, 61 °S and 68 °S indicated that Cladophialophora species colonised plants at higher latitudes, but that most fungi had >99% homology with members of Sebacinales clade B, with best matches to mycobionts of Barbilophozia lycopodioides, Lophoziopsis excisa and Protolophozia crispata. We propose the use of herbarium specimens of 25 mycothalli as proxies for climate change in Antarctica.

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supporting

confidence: 91%

Mycothalli of the hepatic Barbilophozia hatcheri in Antarctica: distribution and identities of mycobionts

et al. 2014

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“…The reduction of the activity of the AMF under conditions of thermal stress has been evidenced in other studies, as observed in the region of the Shetland Islands in the parallel 63S, with the presence of AMFs (arbuscules) in roots of D. antarctica (Upson et al 2008). This result corroborates this study, which were also observed AMF structures (vesicles and hyphae) colonizing plants of D. antarctica in parallel 62S (Figure 1).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 68%

“…The very low temperature inhibits the enzyme activity, twinning of spores and mycelium growth of AMF in the soil, limiting the mycorrhizal colonization. This has been verified in a study by Upson et al (2008), where the low temperature conditions had a low 10% mycorrhizal colonization in roots of D. antarctica plants in Southern Georgia.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 54%

Occurrence of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on King George Island, South Shetland Islands, Antarctica

Barbosa

Pereira

Cury

2017

An. Acad. Bras. Ciênc.

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Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi make up an important ecological niche in ecosystems, and knowledge of their diversity in extreme environments is still incipient. The objective of this work was to evaluate the density and diversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in the soil of King George Island in the South Shetland Islands archipelago, Antarctica. For that, soil and roots of Deschampsia antarctica were collected at the brazilian research station in Antarctica. The spore density, species diversity and mycorrhizal colonization in the roots were evaluated. There was a low density of spores (27.4 ± 17.7) and root mycorrhizal colonization (6 ± 5.1%), which did not present statistical difference. Four species of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi were identified, distributed in two genera: three species of the genus Glomus (Glomus sp1, Glomus sp2 and Glomus sp3) and one of the genus Acaulospora, which was identified at species level (Acaulospora mellea). Greater soil diversity was verified with pH 5.9 and phosphorus concentration of 111 mg dm -3 , occurring two species of genus Glomus and A. mellea. Based on literature data, this may be the first record of this species of Acaulospora mellea in Antarctic soils, colonizing D. antarctica plants.

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“…Of the four grasses examined, the roots of three were found to be colonised by DSE (Christie & Nicolson 1983). At the same location, Upson et al (2008) also found c. 20%…”

Section: Dark Septate Endophytesmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…Christie & Nicolson (1983) found these fungi to be present in the roots of D. antarctica and C. quitensis sampled from the South Orkney Islands (60 ºS), and in the roots of the former species from Livingston Island (62 ºS) and Cuverville Island (64 ºS). Upson et al (2008) recently reported DSE to be present in the roots of both species at all 14 points sampled on the South Orkney Islands, the South Shetland Islands (62 ºS) and the Léonie Islands (67 ºS), with dark septate hyphae occupying between 3% and 75% of root length. DSE are also present in the rhizoids of Cephaloziella varians from the Windmill Islands (66 ºS) and Botany Bay (77 ºS) in the continental Antarctic .…”

Section: Dark Septate Endophytesmentioning

confidence: 96%

Mycorrhizas and dark septate root endophytes in polar regions

2009

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We review the distributions and functions of mycorrhizas and dark septate root endophytes in polar regions. Arbuscular mycorrhizas (AM) are present in the Arctic and Antarctic to 82 ºN and 63 ºS, respectively, with fine endophyte being the dominant form of AM in roots at higher latitudes. Ecto-(ECM) and ericoid (ERM) mycorrhizas both occur in the Arctic to 79 ºN, owing to the presence of species of Salix, Dryas, Vaccinium and Cassiope to this latitude.ECM and ERM are not present in Antarctic ecosystems, owing to an absence of suitable hosts. Arbutoid and orchid mycorrhizas are infrequent in the Arctic, whilst the latter is present at one location in the sub-Antarctic. Data from studies of AM, ECM and ERM colonisation along a latitudinal transect through the Arctic indicate that the frequency of plant species not colonised by mycorrhizas increases at higher latitudes, largely owing to an increase in nonmycorrhizal and a decrease in obligately mycorrhizal plant families at more northerly locations. A separate group of root-and rhizoid-associated fungi, the dark septate root endophytes (DSE), are widespread to 82 ºN and 77 ºS, and are apparently more frequent than mycorrhizal fungi in polar regions. The functions of DSE are largely unclear, but studies suggest beneficial effects on plant growth under defined conditions. We advocate further research into the effects of DSE on their host plants in polar regions.

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Root-Fungal Associations of Colobanthus Quitensis and Deschampsia Antarctica in the Maritime and Subantarctic

Cited by 43 publications

References 28 publications

Mycothalli of the hepatic Barbilophozia hatcheri in Antarctica: distribution and identities of mycobionts

Mycothalli of the hepatic Barbilophozia hatcheri in Antarctica: distribution and identities of mycobionts

Occurrence of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on King George Island, South Shetland Islands, Antarctica

Mycorrhizas and dark septate root endophytes in polar regions

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