Root exudation of phytosiderophores from soil‐grown wheat

Oburger, Eva; Gruber, Barbara; Schindlegger, Yvonne; Schenkeveld, Walter D. C.; Hann, Stephan; Kraemer, Stephan M.; Wenzel, Walter W.; Puschenreiter, Markus

doi:10.1111/nph.12868

Cited by 133 publications

(121 citation statements)

References 47 publications

(87 reference statements)

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“…Root exudates were sampled hydroponically 22 - 24 DAG, 2 h after the onset of light based on the water-immersion method described in Oburger et al (2014). To this end, the soil was carefully washed off the plant roots by gentle rinsing with water until the roots were visibly clean.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

In situ observation of localized, sub-mm scale changes of phosphorus biogeochemistry in the rhizosphere

et al. 2018

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AimsWe imaged the sub-mm distribution of labile P and pH in the rhizosphere of three plant species to localize zones and hot spots of P depletion and accumulation along individual root axes and to relate our findings to nutrient acquisition / root exudation strategies in P-limited conditions at different soil pH, and to mobilization pattern of other elements (Al, Fe, Ca, Mg, Mn) in the rhizosphere.MethodsSub-mm distributions of labile elemental patterns were sampled using diffusive gradients in thin films and analysed using laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. pH images were taken using planar optodes.ResultsWe found distinct patterns of highly localized labile P depletion and accumulation reflecting the complex interaction of plant P acquisition strategies with soil pH, fertilizer treatment, root age, and elements (Al, Fe, Ca) that are involved in P biogeochemistry in soil. We show that the plants respond to P deficiency either by acidification or alkalization, depending on initial bulk soil pH and other factors of P solubility.ConclusionsP solubilization activities of roots are highly localized, typically around root apices, but may also extend towards the extension / root hair zone.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1007/s11104-017-3542-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

In situ observation of localized, sub-mm scale changes of phosphorus biogeochemistry in the rhizosphere

et al. 2018

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“…2 because data in Fig. 2 are for exudates collected after 7 h. Wheat plants that had been grown with 15 N were placed in the natural abundance exudate solution with efflux being estimated from the rate at which 15 N isotopologues appeared between samples collected at 1 min and 1 h, while uptake was determined from the rate at which (Fan et al 2001;Oburger et al 2014) and small peptides (Strehmel et al 2014).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wheat roots efflux a diverse array of organic N compounds and are highly proficient at their recapture

Warren

2015

Plant Soil

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Background & aims Small organic N compounds could contribute to N nutrition, but an alternative view is that root uptake may serve to recapture compounds that efflux out of roots. However, it is unclear if plants can recapture leaked organic N compounds because no studies have examined quantitative relationships between efflux and uptake at sub-micromolar concentrations. Methods This study examines efflux and uptake of a broad suite of small organic N compounds by wheat (Triticum aestivum L.).15 N-labeling and capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry were used to estimate efflux and uptake. Results One hundred and ten organic N compounds were detected in exudates. Amino acids were abundant but accounted for less than half of organic N. Other abundant compound classes were amines and polyamines, quaternary ammonium compounds, nucleobases and nucleosides. Uptake occurred simultaneously with efflux for all 45 compounds for which rates of efflux could be reliably determined, even though concentrations were 0.01 to 0.5 μM.Conclusions These findings indicate that wheat is highly proficient at recapturing much of the diverse array of organic N compounds in root exudates. The ability to salvage effluxed compounds present at very low concentrations means that wheat might also be able to take up organic N compounds from the soil solution.

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“…The presence of suberin lamellae was detected by yellow-green fluorescence (white arrowheads); the presence of lignin was detected by orange-red staining (black arrowheads). Bars = 100 μm 2003; Oburger et al 2014;Pearse et al 2006;Sun et al 2016). There is good information on angiosperm species in specific families that do or do not produce an exodermis; the vast majority of angiosperms does produce an exodermis (Perumalla et al 1990).…”

Section: Susceptibility To Pathogens: the Role Of Suberised Endodermimentioning

confidence: 99%

How belowground interactions contribute to the coexistence of mycorrhizal and non-mycorrhizal species in severely phosphorus-impoverished hyperdiverse ecosystems

et al. 2017

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Background Mycorrhizal strategies are very effective in enhancing plant acquisition of poorly-mobile nutrients, particularly phosphorus (P) from infertile soil. However, on very old and severely P-impoverished soils, a carboxylate-releasing and P-mobilising cluster-root strategy is more effective at acquiring this growthlimiting resource. Carboxylates are released during a period of only a few days from ephemeral cluster roots. Despite the cluster-root strategy being superior for P acquisition in such environments, these species coexist with a wide range of mycorrhizal species, raising questions about the mechanisms contributing to their coexistence. Scope We surmise that the coexistence of mycorrhizal and non-mycorrhizal strategies is primarily accounted for by a combination of belowground mechanisms, namely (i) facilitation of P acquisition by mycorrhizal plants from neighbouring cluster-rooted plants, and (ii) interactions between roots, pathogens and mycorrhizal fungi, which enhance the plants' defence against pathogens. Facilitation of nutrient acquisition by clusterrooted plants involves carboxylate exudation, making more P available for both themselves and their mycorrhizal neighbours. Belowground nutrient exchanges between carboxylate-exuding plants and mycorrhizal N 2 -fixing plants appear likely, but require further experimental testing to determine their nutritional and ecological relevance. Anatomical studies of roots of clusterrooted Proteaceae species show that they do not form a complete suberised exodermis. Conclusions The absence of an exodermis may well be important to rapidly release carboxylates, but likely lowers root structural defences against pathogens, Plant Soil (2018) particularly oomycetes. Conversely, roots of mycorrhizal plants may not be as effective at acquiring P when P availability is very low, but they are better defended against pathogens, and this superior defence likely involves mycorrhizal fungi. Taken together, we are beginning to understand how an exceptionally large number of plant species and P-acquisition strategies coexist on the most severely P-impoverished soils.

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Root exudation of phytosiderophores from soil‐grown wheat

Cited by 133 publications

References 47 publications

In situ observation of localized, sub-mm scale changes of phosphorus biogeochemistry in the rhizosphere

In situ observation of localized, sub-mm scale changes of phosphorus biogeochemistry in the rhizosphere

Wheat roots efflux a diverse array of organic N compounds and are highly proficient at their recapture

How belowground interactions contribute to the coexistence of mycorrhizal and non-mycorrhizal species in severely phosphorus-impoverished hyperdiverse ecosystems

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