Root Canal Obturation by Electrochemical Precipitation of Calcium Phosphates

Abstract

Achieving adequate disinfection and preventing reinfection is the major goal in endodontic treatment. Variation in canal morphology and open porosity of dentine prevents achieving complete disinfection. Questionable biocompatibility of materials as well as a lack of sealing ability questions the usefulness of current obturation methods. With a novel disinfection approach based on the use of boron-doped diamond (BDD) electrodes having shown promising results it was the goal of this series of experiments to investigate the possibility of BDD-mediated in situ forming of a biocompatible obturation material. A combination of calcium phosphate and maleic acid was used as precursor solution while Ion Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (IC-MS), Raman spectroscopy (RAMAN), X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), dye penetration and micro-computed tomography (µCT) were applied for characterizing the precipitate. It was possible to achieve a BDD-mediated precipitation of brushite in a clinically applicable timeframe. However, tight sealing of the canal system based on brushite could not be achieved.

Diamond as Insulation for Conductive Diamond—A Spotted Pattern Design for Miniaturized Disinfection Devices

“…It seems logical to take advantage of both capabilities when it is possible to integrate it into an applicable electrode configuration. The presented approach is a further development of the work from Koch et al, Böhm et al and Göltz et al [13,14,[16][17][18][19]. This approach eliminates the need for an insulation containing polymers, which can lead to potentially undesirable by-products [28].…”

“…Nevertheless, only few approaches have arisen to date. Most of them are associated with C 2023, 9, 78 2 of 11 dental disinfection or related applications such as biofilm removal from infected areas, root canal obturation or dental bleaching [12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19].…”

Preclinical Testing of Boron-Doped Diamond Electrodes for Root Canal Disinfection—A Series of Preliminary Studies

“…The outer surfaces of the roots were cleaned using a mixture of 32.5% isopropanol, 18% ethanol, 0.1% glutaraldehyde and 49.4% distilled water [37] and the roots were positioned in sterile plasticine [38] in order to allow for root canal shaping using reciprocating instruments (R25 RECIPROC, VDW GmbH, Munich, Germany) until reaching the apices. The specimens were split into five treatment groups (n = 3 per group), applying the protocols detailed in Table 1 as final treatment steps.…”