Root biomass fraction as a function of growth degree days in wheat

Baret, Frédéric; Olioso, Albert; Luciani., Jean

doi:10.1007/bf00012815

Cited by 17 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…BP included above-and belowground growth. In most cases, BP was obtained from harvest or biometric methods (comprising empirical models as, for example, allometric relationships, root growth as function of soil conditions 18,19 ) and in 5% of the cases from process-based models with site-specific parameterization and/or validation against growth or biomass data. Minor gap-filling was done for BP estimates at some sites (see below).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biomass production efficiency controlled by management in temperate and boreal ecosystems

et al. 2015

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Summary paragraph 34Plants acquire carbon through photosynthesis to sustain biomass production, autotrophic 35 respiration, and production of non-structural compounds for multiple purposes 1 . The fraction 36 of photosynthetic production used for biomass production, the biomass production 37 efficiency 2 , is a key determinant of the conversion of solar energy to biomass. In forest 38 ecosystems, biomass production efficiency was suggested to be related to site fertility 2 . Here 39 we present a global database of biomass production efficiency from 131 sites compiled from 40 individual studies using harvest, biometric, eddy covariance, or process-based model 41 estimates of production -dominated, however, by data from Europe and North America. We 42show that instead of site fertility, ecosystem management is the key factor that controls 43 biomass production efficiency in terrestrial ecosystems. In addition, in natural forests, 44 grasslands, tundra, boreal peatlands and marshes biomass production efficiency is 45 independent of vegetation, environmental and climatic drivers. This similarity of biomass 46 production efficiency across natural ecosystem types suggests that the ratio of biomass 47 production to gross primary productivity is constant across natural ecosystems. We suggest 48 that plant adaptation results in similar growth efficiency in high and low fertility natural 49 systems, but that nutrient influxes under managed conditions favour a shift to carbon 50 investment from the belowground flux of non-structural compounds to aboveground biomass. 51 52 53 Main text 54The fraction of gross primary production (GPP) used for biomass production (BP) of 55 terrestrial ecosystems has recently been coined biomass production efficiency (BPE) 2 . BPE is 56 typically used as a proxy for the carbon-use efficiency or NPP-to-GPP ratio, where NPP refers 57 to net primary production i.e. BP plus the production of non-structural organic compounds 1 . 58 4 Current knowledge about BPE is mainly derived from research on forests. Earlier work 59 reported BPE to be conservative across forests 3 , whereas more recent syntheses suggest high 60 inter-site variability 2,4 . The variation in BPE was first attributed to vegetation properties 61 (forest age) and climate variables 4 . More recently, it was shown that forest BPE in a range of 62 natural and managed sites was correlated with site fertility, with management as a secondary 63 BPE driver 2 . 64Fertility and management are strongly correlated as management enhances 65 productivity by increasing plant-available resources, including nutrients. For instance, 66 fertilization of grasslands directly increases the ecosystem nutrient stock, whereas forest 67 thinning indirectly increases nutrient availability at the tree level by reducing plant-plant 68 competition. In addition, fertile sites are more likely than infertile sites to be managed. 69Atmospheric deposition of nutrients, especially nitrogen (N), might further complicate the 70 relationship between BPE, fertility and ...

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biomass production efficiency controlled by management in temperate and boreal ecosystems

et al. 2015

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“…As wheat roots can reach a depth of up to 2 m, it was not feasible to collect all the belowground biomass. In order to estimate their DM, we used the ratio between belowground and total biomass described by Baret et al (1992). This ratio evolved exponentially with growth degree‐days.…”

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Carbon balance assessment of a Belgian winter wheat crop (Triticum aestivum L.)

Moureaux

Debacq

Hoyaux

et al. 2008

Global Change Biology

100

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The carbon balance of a winter wheat crop in Lonzée, Belgium, was assessed from measurements carried out at different spatial and temporal scales between November 2004 and August 2005. From eddy covariance measurements, the net ecosystem exchange was found to be À0.63 kg C m À2 and resulted from the difference between gross primary productivity (GPP) (À1.58 kg C m À2 ) and total ecosystem respiration (TER) (0.95 kg C m À2 ). The impact of the u * threshold value on these fluxes was assessed and found to be very small. GPP assessment was partially validated by comparison with an estimation scaled up from leaf scale assimilation measurements. Soil respiration (SR), extrapolated from chamber measurements, was 0.52 kg C m À2 . Net primary productivity, assessed from crop sampling, was À0.83 kg C m À2 . By combining these fluxes, the autotrophic and heterotrophic components of respiration were deduced. Autotrophic respiration dominated both TER and SR. The evolution of these fluxes was analysed in relation to wheat development.

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“…Root viability, expressed as the percentage of live root tissues, has been used to monitor root activity under heat stress (Huang and Gao, 2000;Huang and Xu, 2000;Liu and Huang, 2000). Many researchers have reported that these root parameters decreased with increasing temperatures for various grass species in controlled environment experiments (Baret et al, 1992;Huang and Gao, 2000;Huang and Xu, 2000;Liu and Huang, 2000;Huang, 2000b, 2001a) and fi eld studies (Beard and Daniel, 1966;Bonos and Murphy, 1999;Darrow, 1939;Howard and Watschke, 1991;Kuroyanagi and Paulsen, 1988;Ralston and Daniel, 1972). Cytokinins are produced mainly in roots, and may regulate shoot responses to high root-zone temperatures.…”

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Timing and Temperature of Physiological Decline for Creeping Bentgrass

Pote¹,

Wang²,

Huang³

2006

jashs

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Knowledge of the level of soil temperatures that is detrimental for shoot and root growth for cool-season grasses may help develop heat-tolerant plants and effective management practices to improve summer performance. The objectives of this study were to determine the level and duration of high temperatures in the root zone that will induce decline for various growth and physiological parameters and to compare the responses of different physiological parameters and cultivars to high root-zone temperatures. Nine creeping bentgrass [Agrostis stolonifera L. var. palustris (Huds.) Farw.] cultivars were subjected to eight root-zone temperatures (20, 21, 22, 23, 25, 27, 31, 35 °C) in water baths while exposed to a constant air temperature of 20 °C for 54 days. Root number, dry weight, and depth, active root biomass, turf quality, leaf cytokinin content, and canopy net photosynthetic rate (Pn), decreased in all nine cultivars as root-zone temperature increased from 20 to 35 °C, but the time and temperature at which the decline occurred varied for each parameter measured. Pn, cytokinin content, root number, and turf quality declined at 23, 27, 27, and 35 °C, respectively, after 28 days of exposure. Active root biomass, root number, root dry weight, turf quality, and rooting depth declined at 23, 25, 25, 25, and 35 °C, respectively, at 54 days. At a 31 °C root-zone temperature the decline in root number, cytokinin content, and turf quality occurred at 19, 37, and 47 days, respectively. The results suggest that root-zone temperatures of 23 °C or above this level were detrimental to root activities, Pn, and overall turf growth. Root and Pn decline at lower temperatures and earlier in the study than turf quality suggest that the disturbance of physiological activities of roots and leaves could lead to turfgrass quality decline at high root-zone temperatures.

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Root biomass fraction as a function of growth degree days in wheat

Cited by 17 publications

References 9 publications

Biomass production efficiency controlled by management in temperate and boreal ecosystems

Biomass production efficiency controlled by management in temperate and boreal ecosystems

Carbon balance assessment of a Belgian winter wheat crop (Triticum aestivum L.)

Timing and Temperature of Physiological Decline for Creeping Bentgrass

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