Root and canal morphology of maxillary first premolar teeth in north Indian population using clearing technique: An in vitro study

Abstract

Aim:The purpose of this study was to determine the root form and canal configuration in maxillary first premolars.Materials and Methods:A total of 250 extracted human adult maxillary first premolar teeth from North Indian population were collected. Access cavities were prepared and the coronal pulp tissue was extirpated. The samples were stored in 5% nitric acid solution for 5 days. They were then rinsed, dried, and dehydrated using increasing concentrations of ethanol (70, 80, and 95%) successively for 1 day. Teeth were rendered transparent by immersing in methyl salicylate. India ink was then injected. The root canal morphology was examined under stereomicroscope.Result:53.6% were single rooted followed by fused root form followed by two root form. 0.4% had three rooted maxillary first premolar. Variable root canal configurations were also found. Type IV configuration was most prevalent (33.2%). Two teeth showed an additional configuration. Lateral canals were present in 34.8% of the samples and intercanal communications in 16%.Conclusion:Within the limitations of this study, it was concluded that in North Indian population, there was an increased propensity for types IV, I, II, and III canal morphologies in maxillary first premolars. Single root form was most common.

Morphometric Analysis of the Upper Premolars

“…Similar findings were observed in studies by Carns EJ et al (12), Vertucci FJ et al (13) The results of our analysis support these statements. However, there are studies in which the upper first premolar usually had one root (14). Three roots, which is described as a rare phenomenon, were not observed in our study.…”

“…Three roots, which is described as a rare phenomenon, were not observed in our study. However, some authors described that the upper first premolar may have three roots in a very limited percentage of subjects (1,4,14).…”

Cone Beam Computed Tomography a Noval Innovation for assessing the Canal Morphology of Maxillary First Bicuspid

“…9 It has been shown to be more accurate than digital radiographs in determining root canal systems and can also evaluate the canal configuration in vivo, thereby useful in clinical assessment. Neelakantan et al 10 reported that CBCT can detect the root canal system as accurately as canal staining and clearing techniques. 11 Maxillary premolars have a complex and highly variable anatomy.…”

“…1 The variation in number of roots and canal configuration makes endodontic treatment on these teeth complex. 10 Different studies have reported variations in canal configurations in maxillary first premolars. 10 Vertucci in 1984 studied the canal configuration of human permanent teeth and reported that maxillary first premolar was the only tooth which had all the eight types of canal configurations.…”

“…10 Different studies have reported variations in canal configurations in maxillary first premolars. 10 Vertucci in 1984 studied the canal configuration of human permanent teeth and reported that maxillary first premolar was the only tooth which had all the eight types of canal configurations. Pineda and Kuttler (1972) reported that in maxillary premolars, 50.1% had one canal and 49.4% had two canals at the apex.…”