Root anchorage of hinoki (Chamaecyparis obtuse (Sieb. Et Zucc.) Endl.) under the combined loading of wind and rapidly supplied water on soil: analyses based on tree-pulling experiments

Kamimura, Kiyoshi; Kitagawa, Keisuke; Saitô, Satoshi; Mizunaga, Hiromi

doi:10.1007/s10342-011-0508-2

Cited by 66 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…The tap root systems were scarce in this study as well as in the literature (Köstler et al, 1968). Indeed, even when they develop one or several large vertical roots, trees generally produce a set of significant shallow roots to secure their anchoring, especially for support against wind Kamimura et al, 2012;Nicoll et al, 2006a;Tamasi et al, 2005), and to extract nutrients. Sheer tap root systems tend to occur only when a lack of shallow resources is combined with a permanent deep water table.…”

Section: -Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plasticity of tree root system structure in contrasting soil materials and environmental conditions

Zanetti¹,

Vennetier

Mériaux

et al. 2014

Plant Soil

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Background and Aims Tree root system structure and development are difficult to assess and poorly understood in natural conditions because of soil heterogeneity and the difficulty in extracting mature tree root systems without damaging them. The purpose of this study was to understand root system development plasticity according to biological and physical parameters: species tree age and size, soil material, water availability, slope angle, and climate. Methods Two hundred and forty-three mature trees from twelve species were uprooted from homogeneous French dikes fills. Root system structure (root number and size, root system span, depth and volume) was compared between two contrasting soil materials: fine and coarse. Results Tree species had little influence on root system structure: all root system types and root size could be found for most of the species according to site conditions. Heart root systems were limited to fine material while mixed and tap root systems were found on coarse material. In coarse materials, trees developed few but rather large roots (> 5 cm in diameter and >4 m in length). In fine materials, root systems had three times more roots but they were 40% smaller and shorter. Roots were 20% more numerous and 65% larger on the downslope side due to water availability at dike or riverbank toe. Conclusion Root system structure was mainly influenced by soil material and water availability and far less by tree species. Tree root systems are opportunistic in developing in the direction where water and nutrients are plentiful: whatever the species, predicting its dimensions and structure requires a thorough investigation of soil and other environmental conditions. This study gives a new insight in root development: it will help predict tree root growth in various environments and particularly on dikes.

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Section: -Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plasticity of tree root system structure in contrasting soil materials and environmental conditions

Zanetti¹,

Vennetier

Mériaux

et al. 2014

Plant Soil

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“…The United Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan 2010; Urata et al 2012;Kamimura et al 2012). However, datasets for estimating the wind force acting on the tree crown or drag are seldom available (Mayhead 1973;Peltola and Kellomäki 1993;Rudnicki et al 2004;Vollsinger et al 2005).…”

Section: K Kitagawamentioning

confidence: 97%

Effects of components of the leaf area distribution on drag relations for Cryptomeria japonica and Chamaecyparis obtusa

et al. 2015

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The objectives of this study were to clarify the effects of components of the leaf area distribution on the drag coefficient of crowns and streamlining (e.g., leaf area index; LAI, outline of the crown shape, and clumpiness) and to contribute to the accumulation of data on drag relations by quantifying data for Chamaecyparis obtusa and Cryptomeria japonica. We conducted drag experiments while simultaneously capturing dynamic crown images for 28 Ch. obtusa crowns and 13 Cr. japonica crowns to analyze the relationships between the leaf area distribution components and drag coefficient or streamlining. The static drag coefficient increased with the LAI for Ch. obtusa and with decreasing clumpiness for Cr. japonica. The reduction rate of the static drag coefficient decreased with increasing clumpiness for Ch. obtusa and with a combination of increasing LAI and decreasing clumpiness for Cr. japonica. The reduction rate of the static drag coefficient had a clear relationship with the decreasing rate of the dynamic crown projected area of obstacles (foliage elements, branches, and stems) calculated from captured video images under windy conditions for Cr. japonica, while Ch. obtusa did not show clear relationship between them. The drag coefficients assuming non-porous crown; C max estimated by simple model combining LAI and clumpiness were approximately 1.0 in Ch. obtusa and 0.5 in Cr. japonica and were equivalent to the dynamic drag coefficients from video image under windy condition. The combination of LAI and clumpiness provided simple estimation for drag relations and enable to link crown structure to wind damage easier.

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“…Rainfall or a shallow ground water table decreases the negative pore-water pressure in the ground and hence decreased the shear strength of the soil. The decrease in soil strength due to increased pore-water pressures was also found in the study by Kamimura et al (2012). This study supported the results of Samarakoon et al (2013) and Rahardjo et al (2009) that showed a decrease of 10-50% in overturning moment required to overturn a tree when the soil was…”

Section: Contents (Svflux)supporting

confidence: 89%

Effect of rainfall on tree stability

Lee¹

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I would also like to express my appreciation to the Singapore National Parks Board (NParks) for the research funding and single-minded pursuit of the "City in a garden" vision for Singapore. NEWRI-DHI is also appreciated for the PhD scholarship. Thanks are also extended to Dr. Fong Yok King and Mr. Daniel Burcham of NParks for the close collaboration. Note of appreciation will also go to the Geotechnics Laboratory technicians, namely

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Root anchorage of hinoki (Chamaecyparis obtuse (Sieb. Et Zucc.) Endl.) under the combined loading of wind and rapidly supplied water on soil: analyses based on tree-pulling experiments

Cited by 66 publications

References 17 publications

Plasticity of tree root system structure in contrasting soil materials and environmental conditions

Plasticity of tree root system structure in contrasting soil materials and environmental conditions

Effects of components of the leaf area distribution on drag relations for Cryptomeria japonica and Chamaecyparis obtusa

Effect of rainfall on tree stability

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