Room temperature thermopile THz sensor

Mbarek, Sofiane Ben; Euphrasie, Sébastien; Baron, T.; Thiéry, Laurent; Vairac, Pascal; Cretin, B.; Guillet, Jean-Paul; Chusseau, Laurent

doi:10.1016/j.sna.2013.01.014

Cited by 19 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…In this case, temperature difference is directly converted to a thermoelectric voltage output through the material property of Seebeck coefficient. Some metals with high Seebeck coefficient are Ti/Al (7.4 μV/K), Bi/Cr (70 μK/K) and Ti/doped Si (190 μV/K) [77]. In addition, pyroelectric materials such as lithium tantalite (LiTaO3) ceramic materials and polyvinylidene fluoridehe (PVDF) are also exhibit temperature dependence characteristics that able to produce surface charges due to spontaneous electric polarization observed in the opposite polar axis of the material.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Input Power and Effective Area in Terahertz Detector Measurement: A Review

2023

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The field of terahertz (THz) science and technology research area have been exponentially growing recently, motivated by the increasing demand for safer security imaging, better quality control within manufacturing industries, space and astronomical investigation, biomedical diagnostics, and larger communication bandwidth. The THz waves detection mechanism is one of the critical components in developing a high efficiency and high sensitivity THz communication system. This paper reviews the principle and instrumentation of THz optical metrology for the precise and accurate characterization of THz detectors in the range of 0.1 THz to several THz. In this context, we individually discuss the determination of radiation input power and effective area followed by a survey of THz optical measurement methodology used in the state-of-the-art THz detectors. In addition, challenging issues remaining in the THz detector measurements are provided. This paper sets out a guideline to address the main concept behind the THz detector measurement as well as their challenges and opportunities. Additionally, useful insight is given through a summary of available power meter instrumentation for THz input power calibration.INDEX TERMS THz detectors, THz input power, effective area, THz metrology, antenna, THz measurements, THz instrumentation.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Input Power and Effective Area in Terahertz Detector Measurement: A Review

2023

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“…The boundary condition at the interface airdielectric gives us the Equations ( 5) and ( 6) for the current and voltage respectively. The boundary condition at the dielectric-metallic absorber gives us Equation ( 7) and (8). By taking the complex amplitudes associated with the voltage V and with the current I, as in the case of a transmission line of constant of propagation β, we establish, at the interface x ¼ d the following equalities:…”

Section: Absorption Modeling Using Equivalent Circuitsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[5][6][7] The most used are thermal detectors thanks to their use at room temperature and their low cost manufacturing at the expense of the noise level. 8 Thermal detector measures the electromagnetic radiation power by converting it into heat. Typically, the energy deposited increases the temperature of the detector and this increases in temperature that is recorded.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[12][13][14][15][16][17] First, despite the properties of these structures in terms of terahertz energy absorption, metamaterial absorbers are typically configured with three layers consisting of a metamaterial layer, a dielectric spacer, and a ground plane, which is not compatible with the manufacturing of monolithic terahertz thermal detectors. 8,[18][19][20] Second, the modeling of these structures is dependent on the characteristics of the metamaterials which are resonant structures for terahertz narrow-band applications. Third, for many studies full wave simulation is one of the major approaches to design and confirm the experimental results of terahertz absorbers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Rigorous analysis of cross metallic absorber for terahertz detector

Mbarek

Choubani

Cretin

2021

Int J RF Mic Comp-Aid Eng

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We present a rigorous study of the reflection, transmission and absorption properties of cross metallic absorbers for terahertz broadband application. The quantitative analysis given in this study allows us to design terahertz absorbers for monolithic and multilayer terahertz detectors. The analytical modeling presented in this paper can be used as a modeling support to optimize the design of cross metallic absorbers. The presented theoretical models approach the reflection, transmission and absorption problem from different points-ofview yielding distinct sets of equations connecting the different parameters of the absorber. The results show the necessity to take into account all the dimensions of the absorbers to design the optimized structures. In fact, the results indicate that the optimum dielectric thickness to have the best absorption changes according to the geometry of the cross metallic absorber. A good agreement is shown among the analytical, finite element, and experimental results.

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“…11 Metamaterial absorbers in microwave and THz region have been extensively studied due to large feature size of single unit cell that are easier to be fabricated, compared to that in IR or visible frequency range. Even though, the extremely small feature size of IR metamaterial demands for a high control in fabrication, due to the increasing interest in the use of IR metamaterial absorbers in a number of applications like IR detectors, [18][19][20][21][22] solar cells, [23][24][25] chemical sensing, [26][27][28] etc., perfect metamaterial IR absorbers are been actively researched in recent times. 10,[29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41] Most of the designs for IR perfect absorbers adopt the conventional trilayer absorber structure with top structured metamaterial layer, middle dielectric spacer layer, and bottom metal reflector.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dual band complementary metamaterial absorber in near infrared region

Pitchappa

Kropelnicki

et al. 2014

Journal of Applied Physics

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In this paper, we present the dual band absorption characteristics of complementary metamaterial absorber in near infrared (1.3-2.5 lm) region. The dual band absorption is caused by two distinct resonance mechanisms-electrical resonance and cavity resonance. Electrical resonance occurs in the metal layer-top complementary metamaterial and the cavity resonance occurs in the spacer cavity formed between the top complementary metamaterial and bottom metal reflector layers. In order to elucidate the resonant mechanisms and study the effects of geometrical variations on both the resonant absorption behaviours, two sets of experiment were performed. It was seen that with increasing complementary metamaterial pattern dimension, the electrical resonance absorption peak showed a blue shift, while the cavity resonance showed a slight red shift. However, on the other hand, for the increase in spacer thickness, the cavity resonance peak showed a strong red shift, while the electrical resonance peak remained uninfluenced. The reason for these geometrical dependencies, for both resonances, is conceptually analysed. Furthermore, the design was optimized to attain single absorption band by engineering the cavity and electrical resonances to be at the same wavelength. The single absorption band was successfully realized, however, the peak wavelength showed a red shift from the electrical resonance as in dual band absorber case. The reason for the shift was further explored to be caused due to the strong coupling of electrical and cavity resonances. This approach of utilizing different resonant mechanisms for absorption at different wavelengths provides the means to achieve multiband absorbers, using a simple design and low cost fabrication process. V

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Room temperature thermopile THz sensor

Cited by 19 publications

References 13 publications

Input Power and Effective Area in Terahertz Detector Measurement: A Review

Input Power and Effective Area in Terahertz Detector Measurement: A Review

Rigorous analysis of cross metallic absorber for terahertz detector

Dual band complementary metamaterial absorber in near infrared region

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