Room temperature polariton lasing vs photon lasing in a ZnO-based hybrid microcavity

Lu, Tien−Chang; Lai, Yi‐Chyi; Lan, Yu-Ping; Huang, Si Wei; Chen, Jun Rong; Wu, Yung‐Chi; Hsieh, Wen‐Pin; Deng, Hui

doi:10.1364/oe.20.005530

Cited by 104 publications

(65 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…15,16 Although polariton lasing has been mainly observed at low temperature due to the small binding energy typical of Wannier-Mott excitons, 13 recent developments have led to room temperature demonstrations in III-nitrides and ZnO. 17,18,19,20 Frenkel excitons possess binding energies of ~ 1 eV and are thus highly stable at room temperature. 21 Organic polariton lasing was first demonstrated in microcavities containing anthracene single-crystals.…”

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confidence: 99%

Nonlinear interactions in an organic polariton condensate

et al. 2014

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Under the right conditions, cavity polaritons form a macroscopic condensate in the ground state. The fascinating nonlinear behaviour of this condensate is largely dictated by the strength of polariton-polariton interactions. In inorganic semiconductors, these result principally from the Coulomb interaction between Wannier-Mott excitons. Such interactions are considerably weaker for the tightly bound Frenkel excitons characteristic of organic semiconductors and were notably absent in the first reported demonstration of organic polariton lasing. In this work, we demonstrate the realization of an organic polariton condensate, at room temperature, in a microcavity containing a thin film of 2,7-bis[9,9-di(4-methylphenyl)-fluoren-2-yl]-9,9-di(4-methylphenyl)fluorene. Upon reaching threshold, we observe the spontaneous formation of a linearly polarized condensate, which exhibits a superlinear power dependence, long-range order and a power dependent blue shift: a clear signature of Frenkel polariton interactions. 2The last decade has seen the study of the quantum fluidic behaviour of light flourish. 1 One branch of this field has focused on exploiting the properties of cavity polaritons:hybrid light-matter quasiparticles formed in semiconductor microcavities. 2 The substantial interest in strongly coupled semiconductor microcavities stems principally from the possibility to impart weakly interacting cavity photons with a strongly interacting matter component inherited from the exciton. On one hand, this matter component enhances energetic relaxation towards the polariton ground state by allowing interactions with phonons and other polaritons. 3,4 On the other hand, the nonlinearity inherited from the exciton gives rise to the hydrodynamic behaviour of polaritons. 5,6, 7,8,9,10,11 Polaritons have a finite lifetime, determined principally by their photonic component, beyond which they decay through the cavity mirrors. If relaxation is efficient enough, however, a macroscopic population can be accumulated in a single state-often the ground state-via bosonic final state stimulation. 12, 13,14 The threshold corresponding to this process, termed polariton lasing, can be significantly below that required for conventional photon lasing. The resulting macroscopically occupied state then behaves as a non-equilibrium Bose-Einstein condensate of polaritons. 15,16 Although polariton lasing has been mainly observed at low temperature due to the small binding energy typical of Wannier-Mott excitons, 13 recent developments have led to room temperature demonstrations in III-nitrides and ZnO. 17,18,19,20 Frenkel excitons possess binding energies of ~ 1 eV and are thus highly stable at room temperature. 21 Organic polariton lasing was first demonstrated in microcavities containing anthracene single-crystals. 22,23 3The nonlinear character of polariton condensates leads to a wealth of fascinating phenomena such as superfluidity and the formation of dark solitons and vortices. 7,8,9,10,11 This nonlinearity, which in a microscopic pi...

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Nonlinear interactions in an organic polariton condensate

et al. 2014

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“…Later, Franke et al 39 pushed the operation temperature of the ZnO polariton lasing up to 250 K by depositing a polycrystalline ZnO inside two dielectric distributed Bragg reflectors (DBRs). One month later, Lu et al 40 successfully demonstrated the first RT polariton lasing in ZnObased hybrid microcavities with an ultra-low threshold. Das et al 41 followed with a method similar to that in their previous report on GaN nanowire MCs and observed polariton lasing in a fully dielectric DBRbased MC.…”

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confidence: 99%

Strong light–matter interaction in ZnO microcavities

2013

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The strong light-matter interaction in ZnO-embedded microcavities has received great attention in recent years, due to its ability to generate the robust bosonic quasiparticles, exciton-polaritons, at or above room temperature. This review introduces the strong coupling effect in ZnO-based microcavities and describes the recent progress in this field. In addition, the report contains a systematic analysis of the room-temperature strong-coupling effects from relaxation to polariton lasing. The stable room temperature operation of polaritonic effects in a ZnO microcavity promises a wide range of practical applications in the future, such as ultra-low power consumption coherent light emitters in the ultraviolet region, polaritonic transport, and other fundamental of quantum optics in solid-state systems. Keywords: microcavity; polariton; strong coupling; ZnO INTRODUCTIONOver the past two decades, strong light-matter interactions in solidstate systems have garnered much attention for applications in novel photonics devices. The polariton is the key factor in the strong coupling phenomena: a new bosonic quasiparticle that is a hybrid between matter and light and exhibits promise for investigating various fascinating effects including dynamical Bose condensation, 1-4 superfluidity 5,6 and quantized vortices. 7-10 Semiconductor microcavities (MCs), which simultaneously offer good optical confinement with a small mode volume for the photonics portion and an excitonic layer for the matter portion of the strong coupling, are regarded as promising candidates for demonstrating and manipulating strong light-matter coupling in solid-state systems. 11 Because the semiconductor MCs undergo a strong coupling regime, the coupling rate between the bared exciton modes and the confined photon modes is faster than their dissipation rates. Compared with weakly coupled MCs, the rapid exchange rate in strongly coupled MCs renders the energy transfer between the excitons and photons reversible and reduces the possibility of energy dissipation through non-radiative channels, which results in a higher internal quantum efficiency. The new eigenstates generated from the strong exciton-photon coupling are called exciton-polaritons 12 and exhibit a relatively small effective mass compared with atomic hydrogen, tunable dispersion curves, and the bosonic statistics at low densities.Given the aforementioned properties, many phenomena have been extensively studied in polariton systems, including ultra-low threshold polariton lasing, 13 polariton parametric oscillation 14-17 and polaritonic circuits. 18 The matter characteristic of the polaritons allows them to scatter with electrons, phonons and polaritons, then to condense in the coherent ground state. The laser-like light emission from a coherent polariton ground state, the so-called polariton laser, does not require the population inversion condition required by conventional

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“…Coherent matter-field interaction can be achieved in this case at room temperatures by using wide-band (ZnO) semiconductor microstructures, cf. [24].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Solitons in cavity-QED arrays containing interacting qubits

et al. 2012

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We reveal the existence of polariton soliton solutions in the array of weakly coupled optical cavities, each containing an ensemble of interacting qubits. An effective complex Ginzburg-Landau equation is derived in the continuum limit taking into account the effects of cavity field dissipation and qubit dephasing. We have shown that an enhancement of the induced nonlinearity can be achieved by two order of the magnitude with a negative interaction strength which implies a large negative qubit-field detuning as well. Bright solitons are found to be supported under perturbations only in the upper (optical) branch of polaritons, for which the corresponding group velocity is controlled by tuning the interacting strength. With the help of perturbation theory for solitons, we also demonstrate that the group velocity of these polariton solitons is suppressed by the diffusion process.

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Room temperature polariton lasing vs photon lasing in a ZnO-based hybrid microcavity

Cited by 104 publications

References 37 publications

Nonlinear interactions in an organic polariton condensate

Nonlinear interactions in an organic polariton condensate

Strong light–matter interaction in ZnO microcavities

Solitons in cavity-QED arrays containing interacting qubits

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