Room temperature manipulation of self-organised supramolecular nanostructures with a scanning tunnelling microscope

Thomas, Philip; Berovic, N.; Laitenberger, P.; Palmer, Richard E.; Bampos, Nick; Sanders, Jeremy K. M.

doi:10.1016/s0009-2614(98)00790-8

Cited by 23 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Thin porphyrin films have received significant fundamental research interest with respect to the fabrication of chemical sensors, photovoltaic cells, and organic light-emitting diodes . In recent years, Langmuir−Blodgett films, self-assembled monolayers from solution, and self-organized structures of porphyrins have been studied by a wide variety of techniques, e.g., near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and scanning tunneling microscopy (STM). , Compared to the thin films made under ambient conditions, vapor deposition of porphyrins onto inert metal surfaces under ultrahigh vacuum (UHV) conditions leads to especially clean and well-defined thin films. Metalloporphyrin monolayers have also been used recently for fundamental studies in the emerging field of surface coordination chemistry .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Direct Synthesis of Nickel(II) Tetraphenylporphyrin and Its Interaction with a Au(111) Surface: A Comprehensive Study

et al. 2010

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Tetraphenylporphyrin (2HTPP) molecules were vapor-deposited onto a gold(111) surface to serve as reactive ligands for the direct synthesis of nickel(II) tetraphenylporphyrin (NiTPP) under ultrahigh vacuum (UHV) conditions. The surface-confined coordination reaction between a 2HTPP monolayer and coadsorbed Ni as well as the structure of 2HTPP multilayer films on Au(111) was characterized in detail using synchrotron radiation photoelectron spectroscopy (SRPES), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy (NEXAFS). It is shown that the vapor-deposited 2HTPP multilayer on Au(111) has a high degree of ordering with a preferential orientation of the molecular plane relative to the substrate. Monolayers of 2HTPP on Au(111) were obtained by annealing the 2HTPP multilayers to 520 K and were found to be thermally stable up to at least 580 K. NiTPP can be synthesized directly on the Au(111) surface through reaction of the 2HTPP monolayer with postadsorbed Ni atoms. The same reaction occurs if Ni is deposited prior to the deposition of 2HTPP. It is proposed that the complete and uniform metalation of the porphyrin layer is possible because the Ni atoms can diffuse easily on the porphyrin-covered surface. Ni 2p XP spectra of NiTPP monolayers indicate that the electronic interaction between the coordinated Ni ion and the Au substrate is weak.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Direct Synthesis of Nickel(II) Tetraphenylporphyrin and Its Interaction with a Au(111) Surface: A Comprehensive Study

et al. 2010

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“…Infrared (IR) spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) − studies have provided a wealth of information on the structure of porphyrins at the solution−electrode surface under controlled potential conditions. Langmuir−Blodgett films, self-assembled monolayers, , and self-organized structures , of porphyrins have been studied by a wide variety of techniques. Vapor-deposited porphyrins have received less attention.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tip−Sample Distance Dependence in the STM-Based Orbital-Mediated Tunneling Spectrum of Nickel(II) Tetraphenylporphyrin Deposited on Au(111)

and

Hipps

2003

J. Phys. Chem. B

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Orbital-mediated tunneling spectra obtained in the STM environment are reported for nickel(II) tetraphenylporphyrin, NiTPP, as a function of molecule−tip separation. Spectra were acquired over a range of tip motion of 0.42 nm. Spectra did not show the variation in band splitting with tip distance predicted by several models. It appears for molecules such as NiTPP that the average potential at the molecule is essentially the same as at the metal substrate, at least for gap resistance values greater than 500 MΩ. Thus, at least for molecules of the height of NiTPP, the STM−OMT spectra should give reliable occupied and unoccupied orbital energies over a wide range of tip−molecule distances. An unexpected small shift of all orbital energies of NiTPP relative to the vacuum level is observed as a function of tip−molecule separation.

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“…As a result, the influence of the systematic variation of a molecule's functionality, substrate reactivity, and substrate lattice structure on the 2D structure has been studied by STM. Many types of molecules (perylenes, − porphyrins, − and phthalocyanines 4,5,18,28-43 ) have been studied in this way, but the investigations of the substituted alkanes − have been the most systematic.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Scanning Tunneling Microscopy Investigation of Ordered Thin Films of Bis(4-dioctadecylamino-phenyl) Squaraine on Highly Oriented Pyrolytic Graphite

and

Parkinson

2003

Langmuir

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Scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) is used to investigate the two-dimensional (2D) ordered structures of bis(4-dioctadecylamino-phenyl) squaraine (referred to as 18-18HSQ), adsorbed from phenyloctane onto the (0001) surface of highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG). Nucleation and growth of the 2D ordered structures could be observed on the STM time scale for adsorption from lower concentrations of 18-18HSQ in phenyloctane. A number of polymorphs and multiple-layer structures were formed from both low and high deposition solution concentrations; however, single-layer structures were only observed to form from low concentrations. Growth of layers up to three molecules deep could be observed with STM. Although 18-18HSQ is an achiral molecule, 2D chiral polymorphs were observed. The unit cells of the 2D structures of 18-18HSQ were determined to be coincident with the HOPG lattice.

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Room temperature manipulation of self-organised supramolecular nanostructures with a scanning tunnelling microscope

Cited by 23 publications

References 16 publications

Direct Synthesis of Nickel(II) Tetraphenylporphyrin and Its Interaction with a Au(111) Surface: A Comprehensive Study

Direct Synthesis of Nickel(II) Tetraphenylporphyrin and Its Interaction with a Au(111) Surface: A Comprehensive Study

Tip−Sample Distance Dependence in the STM-Based Orbital-Mediated Tunneling Spectrum of Nickel(II) Tetraphenylporphyrin Deposited on Au(111)

Scanning Tunneling Microscopy Investigation of Ordered Thin Films of Bis(4-dioctadecylamino-phenyl) Squaraine on Highly Oriented Pyrolytic Graphite

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