Room temperature ionic liquid as a novel medium for liquid/liquid extraction of metal ions

Wei, Guor‐Tzo; Yang, Zusing; Chen, Chao‐Jung

doi:10.1016/s0003-2670(03)00660-3

Cited by 488 publications

(260 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Ionic liquids (ILs) are salts of organic cations which have aroused an increasing interest for their promising role as alternative media for volatile solvents (Wei et al, 2003 (Wei et al, 2003). The most common types of organic cations are the imidazolium and pyridinium ions.…”

Section: Ionic Liquidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Polymerization of Cyclodextrin-Ionic Liquid Complexes for the Removal of Organic and Inorganic Contaminants from Water

Mahlambi¹,

Malefetse²,

Mamba³

et al. 2011

Ionic Liquids: Applications and Perspectives

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Section: Ionic Liquidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, these properties form the basis for the utilisation of ILs in replacing traditional toxic, flammable and volatile organic compounds (VOCs), which are not environmentally friendly. To this end, ILs have the potential to be used as alternative reaction media for "Green Chemistry" (Wei et al, 2003).…”

Section: Physical Properties Of Ilsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polymerization of Cyclodextrin-Ionic Liquid Complexes for the Removal of Organic and Inorganic Contaminants from Water

Mahlambi¹,

Malefetse²,

Mamba³

et al. 2011

Ionic Liquids: Applications and Perspectives

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“…Consequently, different attempts have been implemented to minimize these draw backs. Replacement of the volatile organic solvents by non-volatile ones such as ionic liquids (ILs) is among such efforts (Wei et al, 2003;Domańska and Zhao, 2005;Platzer et al, 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Ionic liquids (ILs) are low temperature melting salts (below 100 0 C) (Villar-Garcia et al, 2012;Atakilt Abebe et al, 2013 (Visser et al, 2001;Wei et al, 2003;Dietz, 2006). Charged metal ions are usually insoluble in hydrophobic ionic liquids (IL), so extractants are necessary in the IL's phase just as in organic solvent (Villemin and Didi, 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, researchers exerted different efforts to increase the distribution coefficients of the ILs by increasing the metal's hydrophobicity. This included employment of extractants to form complexes with metal ions (Wei et al, 2003), grafting coordinating agents on the cations of the ILs themselves (Visser et al, 2002), modifying the pH condition using hydrochloric acid solutions (Wei et al, 2003;Hernandez et al, 2010). Large IL to water ratio quantity (1:1) was also employed (Earle and Seddon, 2000;Sereshti et al, 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Removal of cadmium ions from aqueous solution using very small ionic liquids to water ratio without metal chelator and pH modifications

Abebe¹,

Tilahun²,

Mesfine³

et al. 2017

Eth J Sci & Technol

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Solvent extraction is an energy-efficient technology which uses two immiscible phases. In this regard, solvents like hydrophobic 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate based ionic liquids have been used. The hydrophilicity of the metal ions is a challenge to use this method. Coordinating the metal ions by ligands, lowering the pH of the aqueous phase, modifying the ionic liquid itself in such a way that it can coordinate with the metal ions, employment of large ionic liquid to aqueous phase ratio (minimum of 1:1) were also the attempts made to improve the distribution coefficient of the ionic liquids. All these efforts are problematic in hindering the applications of ionic liquids in extraction. In this report, the extraction efficiencies of ionic liquids ]) from water samples containing Cd 2+ using very small ionic liquid to water ratio (1:6 and 1:12) from a solution of concentrations 0.005 mg/L with out using any coordinating agent as an extractant and the need of changing the pH are disclosed. While ionic liquids to aqueous phase ratio 1:12 demonstrated extraction efficiencies of 75%, 83.75%, 87.50% and 100%, respectively; the 1:6 ratio extracted 87.50%, 100%, 100% and 100%, respectively which shows suitability of the later ratio for better extraction. Moreover, the recyclabilities of [C 6 mim] [PF 6 ] and [C 8 mim] [PF 6 ] was investigated and the result showed that they can be used at least for five cycles. A Linear calibration curve with good coefficient of determination was obtained during the analysis for determination of the metal in the extracts.

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Ionic Liquids

Meindersma

Maase

Haan

2007

Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry

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The article contains sections titled: 1. Introduction 2 Physical and Chemical Properties 2.1. Introduction 2.2. Melting Point 2.3. Density 2.4. Viscosity 2.5. Thermal Stability 2.6. Electrochemical Window 3 Synthesis/Production 3.1. Introduction 3.2. Synthesis 3.2.1. Lewis Acid‐Based ILs 3.2.2. Anion Metathesis 3.2.3. Synthesis of Chloride Free ILs 3.2.4. Preparation with Microwaves 3.3. Producers of Ionic Liquids 4 Applications 4.1 Potential Applications 4.1.1. Solvents for Synthesis and Catalysis 4.1.1.2 Solvents for Catalysis 4.1.1.3 Polymer Synthesis 4.1.1.4 Biocatalysis 4.1.2. Electrochemical Applications 4.1.3. Analytical Applications 4.1.4. Separations 4.1.4.1 Liquid Separations 4.1.4.2 Gas Separations 4.1.5. Fluid Applications: Thermal Fluids and Lubricants 4.2. Applications in Pilot Plants and Industry 4.2.1. Reactions 4.2.1.1. Acid Scavenging 4.2.1.2. Production of 2,5‐dihydrofuran 4.2.1.3. Chlorination of Alcohols/Cleavage of Ethers 4.2.1.4. Hydrosilylation 4.2.1.5. Fluorination 4.2.1.6. Dimerization and Oligomerization of Olefins 4.2.2. Separations 4.2.2.1 Extractive Distillation 4.2.2.2. Extraction of Aromatic Hydrocarbons 4.2.3. Electroplating/Polishing 4.2.4. ILs as Performance Chemicals 4.2.4.1 Compatibilizers for Pigment Pastes 4.2.4.2. Antistatic Additives for Cleaning Fluids 4.2.5. ILs in Gas Processing 4.2.5.1. Storage of Gases 4.2.5.2. Ionic Compressor 5 Analysis 6 Toxicology and Occupational Health 6.1. (Eco)toxicology 6.2. Mutagenicity 6.3. Safety and Corrosion 7 References The common definition of an ionic liquid (IL), or a room temperature ionic liquid (RTIL), is that it is a liquid composed entirely of ions, which is fluid below 100 °C. Ionic liquids are generally much denser (ρ = 1 − 1.6 g/cm 3 ) and more viscous (η = 10 − 500 mPa · s) than conventional solvents. Ionic liquids can be stable up to temperatures of 500 °C. They can easily be synthesized and the variability of the cation and anion may be used to adjust the properties of the ionic liquids. Therefore, the possibility arises to optimize an ionic liquid for a specific application by stepwise tuning the relevant solvent properties. For this reason ionic liquids have been referred to as “designer solvents”. The potential to use ionic liquids as novel solvents or fluids for a diverse range of applications has become increasingly apparent. The intrinsic nonvolatile nature of ILs provides an opportunity to reduce, or even completely eliminate, hazardous and toxic emissions to the atmosphere, thus providing the promise for significant environmental benefits. In synthesis and catalysis, ILs have been used as solvents (or solvents and catalysts), with the greatest current effort on using the ILs as alternatives to volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Electrochemical studies have utilized the fact that ILs are liquids rather than solids to provide liquid electrolytes without needing to add an additional solvent. Ionic liquids are also used in separations, replacing volatile solvents. The number of applications on pilot‐plant and commercial scale is still limited, but growing. Although ionic liquids are also known as “green solvents”, this is not always true. They can be corrosive, flammable, or toxic. Due to their nonvolatile nature, ionic liquids are generally considered as having a low impact on the environment and human health, and thus recognized as solvents for green chemistry. However, the impact of ionic liquids on aquatic ecosystems is important given their mild to high solubility in water. Before ionic liquids will be widely used in industry, the effects of ILs on the aquatic environment must be known.

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Room temperature ionic liquid as a novel medium for liquid/liquid extraction of metal ions

Cited by 488 publications

References 31 publications

Polymerization of Cyclodextrin-Ionic Liquid Complexes for the Removal of Organic and Inorganic Contaminants from Water

Polymerization of Cyclodextrin-Ionic Liquid Complexes for the Removal of Organic and Inorganic Contaminants from Water

Removal of cadmium ions from aqueous solution using very small ionic liquids to water ratio without metal chelator and pH modifications

Ionic Liquids

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