Room-temperature high-speed nuclear-spin quantum memory in diamond

Shim, Jae-Hyeok; Niemeyer, I.; Zhang, J.; Suter, Dieter

doi:10.1103/physreva.87.012301

Cited by 51 publications

(82 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…The 13 C nuclear spin of the first coordination shell is a good choice for a qubit due to its large hyperfine coupling to the electronic spin of the NV center, which can be used to implement fast gate operations [3,20,21] or highspeed quantum memories [22]. Full exploitation of this potential requires accurate knowledge of the hyperfine interaction, including the anisotropic (tensor) components.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…In this work, we present a detailed analysis of this hyperfine interaction. The experiments were carried out on single NV centers of a diamond crystal with a natural abundance of 13 C and a nitrogen concentration of < 5 ppb using a home-built confocal microscope and microwave electronics for excitation [22].The presence of a nuclear spin in the first coordination shell reduces the symmetry of the NV center from C 3V to C S , a single mirror plane. This symmetry plane passes through the NV symmetry axis and the 13 C nuclear spin as illustrated in Fig.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Accurate knowledge of the hyperfine interaction is necessary, e.g., for designing precise and fast control sequences for the nuclear spins [14,15]. With a known Hamiltonian, control sequences can be tailored by optimal control techniques to dramatically improve the speed and precision of multi-qubit gates [16][17][18][19].The 13 C nuclear spin of the first coordination shell is a good choice for a qubit due to its large hyperfine coupling to the electronic spin of the NV center, which can be used to implement fast gate operations [3,20,21] or highspeed quantum memories [22]. Full exploitation of this potential requires accurate knowledge of the hyperfine interaction, including the anisotropic (tensor) components.…”

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Characterization of hyperfine interaction between an NV electron spin and a first-shellC13nuclear spin in diamond

Rao

Suter

2016

Phys. Rev. B

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The Nitrogen-Vacancy (NV) center in diamond has attractive properties for a number of quantum technologies that rely on the spin angular momentum of the electron and the nuclei adjacent to the center. The nucleus with the strongest interaction is the 13 C nuclear spin of the first shell. Using this degree of freedom effectively hinges on precise data on the hyperfine interaction between the electronic and the nuclear spin. Here, we present detailed experimental data on this interaction, together with an analysis that yields all parameters of the hyperfine tensor, as well as its orientation with respect to the atomic structure of the center.PACS numbers: 03.67. Lx, 76.70.Hb, 33.35.+r, 61.72.JNitrogen-Vacancy (NV) centers in diamond have interesting properties for applications in room-temperature metrology, spectroscopy, and Quantum Information Processing (QIP) [1][2][3][4][5][6]. Nuclear spins, coupled by hyperfine interaction to the electron spin of the NV-center, are important for many of these applications [1,3,[6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13]. For example, in QIP applications, the nuclear spins can hold quantum information [12,13], serving as part of a quantum register [1]. Accurate knowledge of the hyperfine interaction is necessary, e.g., for designing precise and fast control sequences for the nuclear spins [14,15]. With a known Hamiltonian, control sequences can be tailored by optimal control techniques to dramatically improve the speed and precision of multi-qubit gates [16][17][18][19].The 13 C nuclear spin of the first coordination shell is a good choice for a qubit due to its large hyperfine coupling to the electronic spin of the NV center, which can be used to implement fast gate operations [3,20,21] or highspeed quantum memories [22]. Full exploitation of this potential requires accurate knowledge of the hyperfine interaction, including the anisotropic (tensor) components. The interaction tensor has been calculated by , but only a limited number of experimental studies of this hyperfine interaction exist to date [27][28][29]. In this work, we present a detailed analysis of this hyperfine interaction. The experiments were carried out on single NV centers of a diamond crystal with a natural abundance of 13 C and a nitrogen concentration of < 5 ppb using a home-built confocal microscope and microwave electronics for excitation [22].The presence of a nuclear spin in the first coordination shell reduces the symmetry of the NV center from C 3V to C S , a single mirror plane. This symmetry plane passes through the NV symmetry axis and the 13 C nuclear spin as illustrated in Fig. 1(a). The NV symmetry axis defines the z-axis of the NV frame of reference, the x-axis lies in the symmetry plane of the center, and the y-axis is perpendicular to both of them. Due to the symmetry of the system, only those elements of the hyperfine tensor that are invariant with respect to the inversion of the y-coordinate can be non-zero. Hence, the hyperfine Hamiltonian in the NV frame of reference can be written as(1) Here, S α an...

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confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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Characterization of hyperfine interaction between an NV electron spin and a first-shellC13nuclear spin in diamond

Rao

Suter

2016

Phys. Rev. B

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“…Exploiting the robustness of the nuclear spin state against the optical excitation of the NV, all m s levels can be pumped into the m s = 0 with green laser excitation [40]. This type of protocol would be useful both for sensing applications, due to the increased contrast, but also for applications like diamond-based gyroscopes [41,42] and atomic memories [32,43,44], which utilize the longer-lived nuclear spin state.…”

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Diamond-nitrogen-vacancy electronic and nuclear spin-state anticrossings under weak transverse magnetic fields

et al. 2016

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We report on detailed studies of electronic and nuclear spin states in the diamond-nitrogen-vacancy (NV) center under weak transverse magnetic fields. We numerically predict and experimentally verify a previously unobserved NV hyperfine level anticrossing (LAC) occurring at bias fields of tens of gauss-two orders of magnitude lower than previously reported LACs at ∼500 and ∼1000 G axial magnetic fields. We then discuss how the NV ground-state Hamiltonian can be manipulated in this regime to tailor the NV's sensitivity to environmental factors and to map into the nuclear spin state. DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevA.94.021401 Nitrogen-vacancy (NV) defect centers in diamond are optically polarizable quantum systems with spin-dependent fluorescence. Using electron spin resonance (ESR) under ambient conditions, sensitivity to electric fields [1][2][3][4], transverse and axial magnetic fields [5][6][7][8][9][10], temperature [11][12][13][14], strain [15], and pressure [16] have been observed via resonance frequency shifts of the NV ground-state manifold. Nonseparable sensitivity to multiple environmental factors is problematic when it comes to using the NV as a sensor. However, the Hamiltonian governing the measurable frequency shifts can be tailored to enhance (or to suppress) sensitivity to different physical phenomena. A magnetic bias field applied parallel or perpendicular [B || or B ⊥ as shown in Fig. 1(a)] to the NV's axis in the diamond crystal lattice energetically separates the spin states and increases sensitivity to magnetic or electric fields, respectively.In this Rapid Communication, we investigate an unexplored weak-field regime in which electronic spin ground-state energy level splittings are on par with the Zeeman shift induced by an applied magnetic field. Here we account for both the electron and the nuclear spin of the NV, which reveals complex dynamics of nuclear spin state degeneracy and previously unobserved hyperfine level anticrossings. These features occur at a low magnetic field (B ⊥ 40 G) as compared to the B || ∼ 500 and B || ∼ 1000 G excited-and ground-state crossings [17][18][19][20], which have been used for nuclear spin polarization, providing increased sensitivity to resonance shifts through narrower effective linewidth and increased contrast [21][22][23][24]. We find excellent agreement between experiment and theory and discuss the utility of the nuclear spin degeneracy regime toward NV sensing applications and solid-state atomic memories based on nuclear spin polarization. While the results described here are specific to the NV, similar anticrossings are expected in any spin-1 (or higher) defect center that shows hyperfine level splitting on the same order of magnitude as double-electron spin flip anticrossings.The NV is a two-site defect with a spin-1 electronic ground state, which is magnetically coupled to nearby nuclear spins.For a single NV orientation, energy level shifts are described by the following spin Hamiltonian of the ground triplet state in the presence of magnetic, electric, ...

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High‐Fidelity Hybrid Quantum Gates between a Flying Photon and Diamond Nitrogen‐Vacancy Centers Assisted by Low‐Q Single‐Sided Cavities

Lin

Zhang

2018

Annalen der Physik

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High‐fidelity universal quantum gates are crucial in quantum computing. Three high‐fidelity universal quantum gates, namely the hybrid controlled NOT gate, the hybrid Toffoli gate, and the hybrid Fredkin gate, on a flying photon qubit and diamond nitrogen‐vacancy (NV) centers, assisted by low‐Q single‐sided cavities, are presented. Errors due to the imperfection of the practical input–output process are detected to improve the fidelity of these quantum gates, which therefore relaxes the requirement on their implementation, since strong coupling is no longer mandatory. In addition, quantum gates have the advantage that they can work faithfully even when the resonant condition among the NV center, the photon, and the cavity is not strictly satisfied, or the NV centers are not identical. The performance and success probability of these quantum gates are analyzed, finding that these schemes are feasible with current technology.

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Room-temperature high-speed nuclear-spin quantum memory in diamond

Cited by 51 publications

References 31 publications

Characterization of hyperfine interaction between an NV electron spin and a first-shellC13nuclear spin in diamond

Characterization of hyperfine interaction between an NV electron spin and a first-shellC13nuclear spin in diamond

Diamond-nitrogen-vacancy electronic and nuclear spin-state anticrossings under weak transverse magnetic fields

High‐Fidelity Hybrid Quantum Gates between a Flying Photon and Diamond Nitrogen‐Vacancy Centers Assisted by Low‐Q Single‐Sided Cavities

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