Room temperature extrusion 3D printing of polyether ether ketone using a stimuli-responsive binder

Lee, Chang-Uk; Vandenbrande, Johanna A.; Goetz, Adam E.; Ganter, Mark A.; Storti, Duane W.; Boydston, Andrew J.

doi:10.1016/j.addma.2019.05.008

Cited by 23 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…The physical and mechanical properties of PEEK are listed in Table 1 . It has a melting temperature (T m ) of 343 °C, glass transition temperature (T g ) of 143 °C [ 56 ], and a service temperature up to 260 °C [ 57 ]. Having a high Young’s modulus and tensile strength along with a low specific gravity, allows PEEK to be used as a replacement of aluminium or steel in a wide range of applications, especially aerospace and automotive applications with an increasing interest in employing PEEK in the space industry [ 58 , 59 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fused Filament Fabrication of PEEK: A Review of Process-Structure-Property Relationships

et al. 2020

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Poly (ether ether ketone) (PEEK) is a high-performance engineering thermoplastic polymer with potential for use in a variety of metal replacement applications due to its high strength to weight ratio. This combination of properties makes it an ideal material for use in the production of bespoke replacement parts for out-of-earth manufacturing purposes, in particular on the International Space Station (ISS). Additive manufacturing (AM) may be employed for the production of these parts, as it has enabled new fabrication pathways for articles with complex design considerations. However, AM of PEEK via fused filament fabrication (FFF) encounters significant challenges, mostly stemming from the semi crystalline nature of PEEK and its associated high melting temperature. This makes PEEK highly susceptible to changes in processing conditions which leads to a large reported variation in the literature on the final performance of PEEK. This has limited the adaption of FFF printing of PEEK in space applications where quality assurance and reproducibility are paramount. In recent years, several research studies have examined the effect of printing parameters on the performance of the 3D-printed PEEK parts. The aim of the current review is to provide comprehensive information in relation to the process-structure-property relationships in FFF 3D-printing of PEEK to provide a clear baseline to the research community and assesses its potential for space applications, including out-of-earth manufacturing.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fused Filament Fabrication of PEEK: A Review of Process-Structure-Property Relationships

et al. 2020

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“…Another power-based technique is also applied in PEEK printing. In 2019, Lee et al [11] reported their efforts toward 3D printing of PEEK by direct-ink writing technology at room temperature, which was enabled by a unique formulation comprised of commercial PEEK powder, soluble epoxy-functionalized PEEK (ePEEK), and fenchone. This combination formed a Bingham plastic that could be extruded using a readily available direct-ink write printer.…”

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confidence: 99%

Parameters Influencing the Outcome of Additive Manufacturing of Tiny Medical Devices Based on PEEK

Wang

Müller

Rumjahn³

et al. 2020

Materials

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In this review, we discuss the parameters of fused deposition modeling (FDM) technology used in finished parts made from polyether ether ketone (PEEK) and also the possibility of printing small PEEK parts. The published articles reporting on 3D printed PEEK implants were obtained using PubMed and search engines such as Google Scholar including references cited therein. The results indicate that although many have been experiments conducted on PEEK 3D printing, the consensus on a suitable printing parameter combination has not been reached and optimized parameters for printing worth pursuing. The printing of reproducible tiny-sized PEEK parts with high accuracy has proved to be possible in our experiments. Understanding the relationships among material properties, design parameters, and the ultimate performance of finished objects will be the basis for further improvement of the quality of 3D printed medical devices based on PEEK and to expand the polymers applications.

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“…The build material used commercially available off-the-shelf PEEK, PEKK and CF-PEEK filaments, with 1.75 mm diameter. The thermal characteristics of the investigated material have been extensively reported [38,[45][46][47]. PEEK has a glass transition temperature of 143 • C and a melting point of 343 • C. Similarly, PEKK material has a glass transition temperature of 165 • C and melts at 300 • C. CF-PEEK material displays a T g at 150 • C and a T m at 340 • C.…”

Section: Feedstock Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermoplastic Extrusion Additive Manufacturing of High-Performance Carbon Fiber PEEK Lattices

et al. 2021

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Polyetheretherketone (PEEK) has been the focus of substantial additive manufacturing research for two principal reasons: (a) the mechanical performance approaches that of aluminum at relatively high temperatures for thermoplastics and (b) the potential for qualification in both the aerospace and biomedical industries. Although PEEK provides outstanding strength and thermal stability, printing can be difficult due to the high melting point. Recently, high-temperature soluble support has enabled the printing of lattices and stochastic foams with overhanging features in these high-performance carbon fiber thermoplastics, in which density can be optimized to strike a balance between weight and strength to enhance performance in applications such as custom implants or aerospace structures. Although polymer powder bed fusion has long been capable of the combination of these geometries and materials, material extrusion with high-temperature sacrificial support is dramatically less expensive. This research provides a comprehensive mechanical analysis and CT-scan-based dimensional study of carbon fiber PEEK lattice structures enabled with high-temperature support and including model validation.

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Room temperature extrusion 3D printing of polyether ether ketone using a stimuli-responsive binder

Cited by 23 publications

References 16 publications

Fused Filament Fabrication of PEEK: A Review of Process-Structure-Property Relationships

Fused Filament Fabrication of PEEK: A Review of Process-Structure-Property Relationships

Parameters Influencing the Outcome of Additive Manufacturing of Tiny Medical Devices Based on PEEK

Thermoplastic Extrusion Additive Manufacturing of High-Performance Carbon Fiber PEEK Lattices

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