2009
DOI: 10.1039/b902946j
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Room-temperature aerobic formation of a stable aryl–Cu(iii) complex and its reactions with nucleophiles: highly efficient and diverse arene C–H functionalizations of azacalix[1]arene[3]pyridine

Abstract: Under very mild aerobic conditions, azacalix[1]arene[3]pyridine underwent highly efficient C-H activation with Cu(ClO(4))(2).6H(2)O to form a stable aryl-Cu(III) complex which reacted rapidly with various nucleophiles at ambient temperature to afford diverse functionalized azacalix[1]arene[3]pyridine derivatives in excellent yields.

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Cited by 168 publications
(59 citation statements)
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References 33 publications
(22 reference statements)
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“…The mechanistic details of these reactions have remained somewhat obscure, however, several recent experimental 4957 and computational studies 58 have begun to shed light on this area. Recently, excellent reviews on Cu-catalyzed cross-coupling have focused on applications in synthesis, 13 developments in methodology 11 and the use of amino acid-based ligands.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The mechanistic details of these reactions have remained somewhat obscure, however, several recent experimental 4957 and computational studies 58 have begun to shed light on this area. Recently, excellent reviews on Cu-catalyzed cross-coupling have focused on applications in synthesis, 13 developments in methodology 11 and the use of amino acid-based ligands.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…[17,18,22] In other cases, however, the nucleophile has been proposed to react with the Cu III center, after oxidative addition of the aryl halide. [20,21] In the context of these mechanistic discussions, we [23][24][25] and others [26] have begun investigating carbon À heteroatom bond-forming reactions involving well-defined aryl-Cu III complexes. Such studies can provide valuable insights into the fundamental reactivity of aryl-Cu III species, and they establish a foundation for assessment of the potential role of such species in Ullmann and related Cu-mediated cross-coupling reactions.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…[124] Von Ullmann-Kreuzkupplungen von Arylhalogeniden wird gewçhnlich angenommen, dass sie über einen Cu I /Cu III -Katalysezyklus ablaufen (Schema 57), [120,125] [126] und auf der Grundlage von DFT-Rechnungen bestätigt. [127] [129][130][131][132][133] In den letzten Jahren wurden einige Kupfer(II)-und Kupfer(III)-Komplexe synthetisiert und kristallographisch charakterisiert, [134][135][136][137][138][139][140] und die erhaltenen Ergebnisse dienen als wichtige Grundlage bei der Betrachtung derartiger Intermediate in Cu-katalysierten Oxidationen. Mehrere dieser Komplexe wurden über Cu II -vermittelte Aktivierung einer C-H-Bindung eines Makrocyclus hergestellt.…”
Section: Hochvalente Organokupfer-komplexe In Nicht-oxidativen Reaktiunclassified
“…[127] Zudem wurde der erste direkte experimentelle Nachweis für die Beteiligung eines Cu III -Intermediats an einer Ullmann-Kupplung 2010 von Ribas und Stahl durch Verwendung eines makrocyclischen Arylhalogenid-Substrats erbracht. [128] [129][130][131][132][133] In den letzten Jahren wurden einige Kupfer(II)-und Kupfer(III)-Komplexe synthetisiert und kristallographisch charakterisiert, [134][135][136][137][138][139][140] und die erhaltenen Ergebnisse dienen als wichtige Grundlage bei der Betrachtung derartiger Intermediate in Cu-katalysierten Oxidationen. Mehrere dieser Komplexe wurden über Cu II -vermittelte Aktivierung einer C-H-Bindung eines Makrocyclus hergestellt.…”
Section: Hochvalente Organokupfer-komplexe In Nicht-oxidativen Reaktiunclassified
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