Rome in the Bronze Age: late second-millennium BC radiocarbon dates from the Forum Boarium

Brock, Andrea L.; Terrenato, Nicola

doi:10.15184/aqy.2016.65

Cited by 28 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 8 publications

(8 reference statements)

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“…There is also evidence that the colluvial gravels could extend locally as far down the slope as the area of trench 7A. Core SO 25, the shortest of the five cores in the schematic diagram (Brock & Terrenato 2016: fig. 6), was blocked by colluvial gravels at an elevation of approximately 5.12m asl.…”

Section: Placing the Dated Seeds In Environmental Contextmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…By way of background, a brief summary of the fieldwork is given here. In July 2014, five percussion cores were made in the limited space available in the base of the narrow, deep sounding, called A7, at Sant'Omobono (Brock & Terrenato 2016: 660; fig. 5; cores SO 22–26).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this context, the only way to investigate deeper into the ground was by means of coring. There is a schematic diagram in Brock and Terrenato's paper (2016: 661, fig. 6) that gives the sequence of dark stratigraphic units observed in the cores.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Two recent discoveries on the east bank of the Tiber are of major significance to the study of early Rome: the discovery that the sixth-century BC riverbank was in a different position to the modern bank, and the finding of a Late Bronze Age site deeply buried adjacent to Sant'Omobono church, the latter reported by Brock and Terrenato (2016). This article reconsiders the Sant'Ombono data in an environmental context, questioning both the previous interpretation of site usage and the provenience of the dating evidence.…”

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confidence: 99%

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The east bank of the Tiber below the Island: two recent advances in the study of early Rome

Ammerman

2018

Antiquity

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Rome 0 km 200 NTwo recent discoveries on the east bank of the Tiber are of major significance to the study of early Rome: the discovery that the sixthcentury BC riverbank was in a different position to the modern bank, and the finding of a Late Bronze Age site deeply buried adjacent to Sant'Omobono church, the latter reported by Brock and Terrenato (2016). This article reconsiders the Sant'Ombono data in an environmental context, questioning both the previous interpretation of site usage and the provenience of the dating evidence. This reappraisal is placed within a recently developed research theme, namely the transformation of the landscape of early Rome into a cityscape, which involved largescale encroachment on the east bank. ResearchThe east bank of the Tiber below the Island Figure 1. (Please see below.)

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Section: Placing the Dated Seeds In Environmental Contextmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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The east bank of the Tiber below the Island: two recent advances in the study of early Rome

Ammerman

2018

Antiquity

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“…twin temples, and a medieval church rebuilt in the 15th century B.C.E. and still in use today (Brock & Terrenato, ; Diffendale, Brocato, Terrenato, & Brock, ; Terrenato et al, ). Below the 1930s brickwork sheathing the church and the travertine blocks that compose parts of the Roman temple superstructure, the bulk of the architectural stone is tuff.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Combining geochemistry and petrography to provenance Lionato and Lapis Albanus tuffs used in Roman temples at Sant’Omobono, Rome, Italy

et al. 2018

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Tufo Lionato is a volcanic tuff that was used extensively for construction in Rome, Italy, during antiquity and after; at least three varieties can be identified: Anio, Monteverde, and Portuense. The widespread introduction of Tufo Lionato in Roman construction is generally dated to the mid‐second century before the common era (B.C.E.). Another tuff, Lapis Albanus, is held to have been introduced during the third century B.C.E. Due to their similar macroscopic appearance, it is impossible to reliably distinguish visually among varieties of Tufo Lionato, or between Lapis Albanus and other “peperino” tuffs, nor does geochemistry alone always allow definitive identifications. A combination of geochemical and petrographical analyses is presented here, to provenance building stone from the Roman temples of Fortuna and Mater Matuta at Sant’Omobono in Rome. The combination of techniques allows for secure identification of Anio tuff and Lapis Albanus, and their use in structures of the fourth–third and fifth–third centuries B.C.E., respectively, one to two centuries earlier than previously demonstrated. These findings show a diversification of tuffs used by the Roman construction industry earlier than henceforth acknowledged, and suggest the ability of archaeometric techniques to bring new perspectives even to such familiar archaeological contexts as the city of Rome.

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Tectonics and fluvial dynamism affecting the Tiber River in Prehistoric Rome

Marra

Brock

Florindo

et al. 2021

Int J Earth Sci (Geol Rundsch)

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Geomorphological investigations in Rome’s river valley are revealing the dynamism of the prehistoric landscape. It is becoming increasingly apparent that paleogeographic conditions that defined Rome in the historical era are the product of changes since the Bronze Age, which may be the result of local fault activity in addition to fluvial dynamism. Through a dedicated borehole chronostratigraphic study, integrated by 14C and archaeological dates, and paleomagnetic investigations, we offer here new evidence for fault displacement since ca. 4500 years/BP. We present the failure of the sedimentary fabric of a clay horizon caused by liquefaction processes commonly linked with seismic shaking, interpreting an (ca. 4 m) offset to signify the existence of a fault line located at the foot of the Capitoline Hill. In addition, we show evidence for another (ca. 1 m) offset affecting a stratigraphic horizon in the river channel, occurring along another hypothesized fault line crossing through the Tiber Valley. Movement along this fault may have contributed to a documented phase of fast overflooding dated to the sixth century BCE which eventually led to the birth of the Tiber Island. The most plausible scenario implies progressive deformation, with an average tectonic rate of 2 mm/year, along these inferred fault lines. This process was likely punctuated with moderate earthquakes, but no large event necessarily occurred. Together, the available evidence suggests that during the early centuries of sedentary habitation at the site of Rome, active fault lines contributed to significant changes to the Tiber River valley, capable of challenging lowland activities.

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Rome in the Bronze Age: late second-millennium BC radiocarbon dates from the Forum Boarium

Abstract: Abstract

Cited by 28 publications

References 8 publications

The east bank of the Tiber below the Island: two recent advances in the study of early Rome

The east bank of the Tiber below the Island: two recent advances in the study of early Rome

Combining geochemistry and petrography to provenance Lionato and Lapis Albanus tuffs used in Roman temples at Sant’Omobono, Rome, Italy

Tectonics and fluvial dynamism affecting the Tiber River in Prehistoric Rome

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