Roman Glassblowing in a Cultural Context

Stern, Edna J.

doi:10.2307/506970

Cited by 61 publications

(31 citation statements)

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“…Between the Hellenistic and the Byzantine period the technological level and conditions required to control glassmaking were significantly more elevated than those needed for glassworking (Stern and Schlick-Nolte, 1994;Stern, 1999). In order to manufacture glass objects, glassworkers in secondary glass workshops melted and shaped raw glass obtained from primary workshops.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Composition data of a large collection of black-appearing Roman glass

Cagno

Cosyns

linden

et al. 2013

Open J Archaeometry

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Jewels and tableware made of black-appearing glass were popular in the Roman Empire. Compositional changes (due to modifications in glassmaking technology and use of raw materials) over the period considered (1 st -5 th century AD) have been investigated on a large number of samples originating from various archaeological excavations in Europe, Northern Africa and the Near East. In the course of this work, over 400 samples of Roman glass, the greatest part of them deeply coloured glass fragments, were embedded into acrylic resin and mechanically ground and polished in order to obtain flat surfaces of unaltered glass. The samples were analysed with scanning electron microscopy/energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and the quantification was performed by using a standard-less ZAF software. The trace elements contained in a selection of glass samples were determined via laser ablation-inductively coupled plasmamass spectrometry. The data collected in this study show that from about 150 AD a change in the black glass production process occurred, involving coloration of raw glass made with iron in the secondary workshops. Furthermore, from the 4 th century AD on we can observe a change in the type of raw glass used, while the colouring process was maintained. The main aim of this paper is to provide glass scholars with the analysis results, as reference and comparison for further studies.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Composition data of a large collection of black-appearing Roman glass

Cagno

Cosyns

linden

et al. 2013

Open J Archaeometry

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show abstract

“…'' In glass studies, this usually means to the introduction of cullet in a glass batch. The discovery that molten glass could be blown, and some decades later, that a glass batch consisting (partly) of molten glass artefacts was suitable for this kind of shaping, caused a revolution in the 'industry' [24]. Also, the mixing of a ground frit with scrap glass results in a reduction of the overall melting temperature of a glass batch [13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence for glass ‘recycling’ using Pb and Sr isotopic ratios and Sr-mixing lines: the case of early Byzantine Sagalassos

Degryse

Schneider

Haack

et al. 2006

Journal of Archaeological Science

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“…Between the Hellenistic and the Byzantine periods the technological level and conditions required to control glassmaking from raw materials were significantly more elevated than those needed for glassworking [1,2].…”

Section: Roman Glassmaking and Glass Marketmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It has been stated that during the Roman imperial period glass objects were manufactured in secondary glass workshops all over the Empire [1,2] by re-melting and shaping raw glass imported from primary workshops, located in the south-eastern Mediterranean, with the Egyptian, and especially the Syro-Palestinian coast as key areas, as demonstrated by archaeological finds [3][4][5]. These primary workshops were located close to the raw material supplies and used lime-rich coastal sand and natron to produce large slabs of glass.…”

Section: Roman Glassmaking and Glass Marketmentioning

confidence: 99%

Black–Appearing Roman Glass

Cagno

Cosyns

Nys

et al. 2013

Modern Methods for Analysing Archaeological and Historical Glass

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In this chapter we discuss the possibility of using small segments of the whole glass production of a certain age to elucidate the global chronology and the geographical origin of glass in the period of interest. In particular, deeply coloured and black-appearing glass dating to the Roman Age (first century BC-fifth century AD) has been quantitatively analysed in order to extract information that can help our understanding of the organization of glassmaking, trade and glassworking in that era.A large number of archaeological glass fragments from the western and eastern parts of the Roman Empire has been gathered and analyzed by means of scanning electron microscope-energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDX) and laser ablation-inductively-coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS).The glass samples analysed are macroscopically black, however, when the glass is examined in thin layers, a distinction appears between actual black glass (no hue perceived) and deeply coloured glass (a dark brown/purple/green tint can be seen). Background Roman Glassmaking and Glass MarketGlassblowing, introduced halfway through the first century BC, contributed to turning glass from an expensive material into an affordable commodity. As a consequence the glass market expanded and large amounts of glass were produced in order to satisfy the needs of consumers in Rome and its provinces. In this context it is interesting to explore the dynamics of the two different steps of glass production, namely glassmaking and glassworking.

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Roman Glassblowing in a Cultural Context

Cited by 61 publications

References 0 publications

Composition data of a large collection of black-appearing Roman glass

Composition data of a large collection of black-appearing Roman glass

Evidence for glass ‘recycling’ using Pb and Sr isotopic ratios and Sr-mixing lines: the case of early Byzantine Sagalassos

Black–Appearing Roman Glass

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