Rollover Mitigation Controller Development for Three-Wheeled Vehicle Using Active Front Steering

Abstract

Three-wheeled vehicles are agile, less complex, but relatively more prone to rollover. The current study focuses on the rollover mitigation control design using active front steering for such vehicles. A lateral load transfer ratio (LLTR) adapted for a three-wheeled platform is presented. Sliding mode control design strategy has been devised which results in pseudo-direct control for roll dynamics of the vehicle. The lag in vehicle roll angle response has been managed using adaptive sliding surface. This concept can be extended for other vehicle configurations. The proposed control scheme is investigated for efficacy using a full vehicle simulation model of CarSim software and National Highway Traffic Safety Administration’s proposed Fishhook maneuver. The controller is able to limit the rollover propensity even with vehicle parameter uncertainties.

Automatic stability control of three-wheeler vehicles – recent developments and concerns towards a sustainable technology

“…21,23,41 These tests are equally applicable to 3Ws and have been used by many authors to demonstrate rollover resistance and manoeuvrability improvement with their proposed active tilt control systems in both simulations and experiments. 26,27,[42][43][44][45][46][47]…”

“…A simplified version of active steering control for large sized 3Ws was proposed by Azim et al in 2015. 46 The rollover mitigation controller based on steering alone intervenes in the steering system actively to reduce front wheel steering input if the lateral load transfer ratio (LLTR) as defined in equation (20) crosses the value of 0.8…”

Application of Light Metal Alloy EN AW 6063 to Vehicle Frame Construction with an Innovated Steering Mechanism

“…This wheel arrangement has one disadvantage, namely its low stability during cornering [27][28][29]. The designers of three-wheeled vehicles implement various technical solutions to reduce this negative phenomenon [30,31], and to be more specific they use various equipment and devices that enable a change of the vehicle's centre of gravity, chassis inclination, geometry modification, etc. [32,33].…”

Vehicle Rollover Detection in Tripped and Untripped Rollovers using Recurrent Neural Networks

“…The baking systems perform vehicle's yaw rate and speed reduction by adjusting each wheel's sequence of brake patterns. Also steer-by-wire technology [13][14][15][16][17] e.g. active front steering (AFS), active rear steering (ARS), or four-wheel steering (4WS) are to be used in case of the balancing of performances among yaw stability, violence, and rollover prevention and an active suspension system [18][19][20] can be used to avoid rollover when the wheels lifted off the road.…”

“…[25] introduced rollover indices that consider kinetic energy, then Rollover Prevention Energy Reserve (RPER) is started off to look into rollover risks by taking energy function as the main account [7]; ref. [26] introduced a dimensionless rollover index that takes roll dynamics into consideration by utilizing phase plane analysis; zero-moment point also is developed to predict the possibility of rollover [9]; lateral Load Transfer Ratio (LTR) is popularly discussed in numerous studies [5,7,[14][15][16][17][18]; to name a few. It is seen that a lot of rollover indicators are developed based on LTR such as Multiple Rollover Indices (MRIs) for trailer vehicles and Predictive Lateral Transfer Ration (PLTR) [9].…”