Rolle des Phytochroms beim Etiolement von Marchantia polymorpha

Ninnemann, Helga; Halbsguth, Wilhelm

doi:10.1007/bf00626327

Cited by 11 publications

(6 citation statements)

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“…Several studies of R responses in M. polymorpha have been reported (Ninnemann and Halbsguth, 1965;Fredericq and De Greef, 1966;De Greef et al, 1971;Otto and Halbsguth, 1976;Hartmann and Jenkins, 1984). A pulse of FR at the end of the photoperiod induces vertical upward growth of thalli and a decrease in the amount of chlorophyll, and the effect of R is cancelled by FR followed by a pulse of R, suggesting that a phytochrome is involved in these responses (Fredericq and De Greef, 1966;Hartmann and Jenkins, 1984).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A pulse of FR at the end of the photoperiod induces vertical upward growth of thalli and a decrease in the amount of chlorophyll, and the effect of R is cancelled by FR followed by a pulse of R, suggesting that a phytochrome is involved in these responses (Fredericq and De Greef, 1966;Hartmann and Jenkins, 1984). Experiments using pulses of R and FR demonstrate that senescence of thalli and germination of gemmae may be regulated by phytochromes (Ninnemann and Halbsguth, 1965;De Greef et al, 1971;Otto and Halbsguth, 1976). Recently, a phytochrome in M. polymorpha has been shown to regulate cell cycle reentry of differentiated cells in thallus explants, as well as cell shapes in newly regenerating tissues .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Phytochrome Signaling Is Mediated by PHYTOCHROME INTERACTING FACTOR in the Liverwort Marchantia polymorpha

et al. 2016

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ORCID ID: 0000-0003-0504-8196 (K. Ishizaki)Phytochromes are red light (R) and far-red light (FR) receptors that play important roles in many aspects of plant growth and development. Phytochromes mainly function in the nucleus and regulate sets of genes by inhibiting negatively acting basic helix-loop-helix transcription factors named PHYTOCHROME INTERACTING FACTORs (PIFs) in Arabidopsis thaliana. Although R/FR photoreversible responses and phytochrome genes are well documented in diverse lineages of plants, the extent to which phytochrome signaling is mediated by gene regulation beyond angiosperms remains largely unclear. Here, we show that the liverwort Marchantia polymorpha, an emerging model basal land plant, has only one phytochrome gene, Mp-PHY, and only one PIF gene, Mp-PIF. These genes mediate typical low fluence responses, which are reversibly elicited by R and FR, and regulate gene expression. Mp-phy is light-stable and translocates into the nucleus upon irradiation with either R or FR, demonstrating that the single phytochrome Mp-phy exhibits combined biochemical and cell-biological characteristics of type I and type II phytochromes. Mp-phy photoreversibly regulates gemma germination and downstream gene expression by interacting with Mp-PIF and targeting it for degradation in an R-dependent manner. Our findings suggest that the molecular mechanisms for light-dependent transcriptional regulation mediated by PIF transcription factors were established early in land plant evolution.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phytochrome Signaling Is Mediated by PHYTOCHROME INTERACTING FACTOR in the Liverwort Marchantia polymorpha

et al. 2016

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“…De msme, Downs et u/. (13) observaient chez Phaseolus une action moins forte sur l'allongement aprts des photopkriodes plus courtes que 3 h et ils notaient en obscuritC pendant 96 h, que l'action du rouge-fond ttait renforcte en prtsence de sucre. De plus, nous avons travaille avec des thalles verts d'une plante infkrieure, tandis que les travaux qui nous sont connus ont CtudiC l'action des rayons rouge-fond et rouge-clair sur des plantules CtiolCes de plantes s~p t r i e u r e s .…”

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INFLUENCE, RÉVERSIBLE PAR LA LUMIÈRE ROUGE‐CLAIR, DE COURTS ÉCLAIREMENTS ROUGE‐FONCÉ A LA FIN DE LA PHOTOPÉRIODE, SUR LA CROISSANCE ET LA TENEUR EN CHLOROPHYLLES DE MARCHANTIA POLYMORPHA L

Frédéricq¹,

Greef²

1966

Photochem & Photobiology

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Abstract— 1. Thalli of Marchantia polymorpha L. grow plagiotropically with 4, 8 or 16 hr of white fluorescent light per day (24‐hr cycles), and have round lobes; male thalli are not as uniformly flat as the female thalli and their lobes are not so broad. 2. The growth of both kinds of thalli is strongly modified by 5 min far‐red (or even 1 min) at the end of short days. Already after the first cycle of 8 hr fluor. light + 5 min fr+16 hr darkness, the margins of the young parts are bent upwards; further growth is orthotropic and the newly formed lobes are much narrower and elongated and their green colour is different. After 2 weeks of treatment, the appearance is completely different. 3. The strong action of the terminal far‐red irradiation is fully reversible by red light or by white fluorescent light. The efficiency of the rather short exposure times and the repeatable nature of the reversibility, the last irradiation determining the type of growth, strongly suggest that the orientation and the growth of the thalli is controlled by the same red, far‐red photo‐reaction as in the case of the growth of higher plants and on the basis of our physiological experiments we think that the same photoreversible pigment, the phytochrome, is present in the thalli of Marchantia. 4. Our hypothesis is that the far‐red absorbing form, P730, is responsible for the horizontal growth and for the broad and round shape of the lobes. Even under short days, the percentage of P730 left during part of the long night must be sufficient for flat growth, since a 5 min far‐red irradiation at the middle of the 16‐hr night still causes orthotropism, and this is reversible by red light. Complete absence of P730 for 16 hr per day should then allow a stronger orthotropism and etiolation than the absence of P730 for only 8 hr per day; we in fact found that the effect of a far‐red irradiation is much stronger at the end of an 8‐hr photoperiod than at the end of a 16‐hr photoperiod. 5. These and other similarities between our results on light‐grown, green Marchantia thalli and the results of Downs et uZ.(1) on light‐grown pinto beans, with white fluorescent light during the photoperiods in both cases, is stressed. 6. We have obtained similar but weaker effects in two other species of liverworts. 7. Under an 8‐hr photoperiod of red fluorescent light, Marchantia grows horizontally; a terminal 1‐min far‐red exposure causes orthotropism and etiolation, reversible by another short red exposure. However, the controls under 8 hr of red fluorescent light have narrower lobes which are not round, as compared to the controls under 8 hr of white fluorescent light. On the basis of other results, we suppose that this last mentioned difference is not due to differences in light intensities, but rather that, besides the participation of the P730 form as indicated by the experiments with terminal exposures after white light photoperiods, also the blue light included in the white fluorescent light plays a role in the formation of broad round lobes. The same blue lig...

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“…These results suggest that the phytochrome in M. polymorpha possibly affects the meristem function. Germination of gemmae and senescence of thalli are also regulated by phytochrome (De Greef et al ; Ninnemann & Halbsguth ; Otto & Halbsguth ). The previously mentioned responses show typical R/FR photoreversibility, and therefore, they all can be classified as LFR.…”

Section: Physiological Responses Mediated By Phytochromes In Basal Lamentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolutionary origin of phytochrome responses and signaling in land plants

Inoue

Nishihama

Kohchi

2017

Plant Cell & Environment

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Phytochromes comprise one of the major photoreceptor families in plants, and they regulate many aspects of plant growth and development throughout the plant life cycle. A canonical land plant phytochrome originated in the common ancestor of streptophytes. Phytochromes have diversified in seed plants and some basal land plants because of lineage-specific gene duplications that occurred during the course of land plant evolution. Molecular genetic analyses using Arabidopsis thaliana suggested that there are two types of phytochromes in angiosperms, light-labile type I and light-stable type II, which have different signaling mechanisms and which regulate distinct responses. In basal land plants, little is known about molecular mechanisms of phytochrome signaling, although red light/far-red photoreversible physiological responses and the distribution of phytochrome genes are relatively well documented. Recent advances in molecular genetics using the moss Physcomitrella patens and the liverwort Marchantia polymorpha revealed that basal land plants show far-red-induced responses and that the establishment of phytochrome-mediated transcriptional regulation dates back to at least the common ancestor of land plants. In this review, we summarize our knowledge concerning functions of land plant phytochromes, especially in basal land plants, and discuss subfunctionalization/neofunctionalization of phytochrome signaling during the course of land plant evolution.

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Rolle des Phytochroms beim Etiolement von Marchantia polymorpha

Cited by 11 publications

References 4 publications

Phytochrome Signaling Is Mediated by PHYTOCHROME INTERACTING FACTOR in the Liverwort Marchantia polymorpha

Phytochrome Signaling Is Mediated by PHYTOCHROME INTERACTING FACTOR in the Liverwort Marchantia polymorpha

INFLUENCE, RÉVERSIBLE PAR LA LUMIÈRE ROUGE‐CLAIR, DE COURTS ÉCLAIREMENTS ROUGE‐FONCÉ A LA FIN DE LA PHOTOPÉRIODE, SUR LA CROISSANCE ET LA TENEUR EN CHLOROPHYLLES DE MARCHANTIA POLYMORPHA L

Evolutionary origin of phytochrome responses and signaling in land plants

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