Roll-to-roll preparation of silver-nanowire transparent electrode and its application to large-area organic light-emitting diodes

Jung, Eun Kyo; Kim, Chanho; Kim, Minha; Chae, Heeyeop; Cho, Jeong Ho; Cho, Sung Min

doi:10.1016/j.orgel.2016.11.003

Cited by 78 publications

(55 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…The processability of AgNW networks by R2R was showed by many researchers due to their compatibility with large-area production [81][82][83]. The substrate in R2R coating system is required to have mechanical flexibility and in the form of a long sheet.…”

Section: Roll-to-roll Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fabrication and Applications of Flexible Transparent Electrodes Based on Silver Nanowires

Yi¹,

Zhu²,

Deng³

2018

Flexible Electronics

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There has been an explosion of interests in using flexible transparent electrodes for nextgeneration flexible electronics, such as touch panels, flexible lighting, flexible solar cells, and wearable sensors. Silver nanowires (AgNWs) are a promising material for flexible transparent electrodes due to high electrical conductivity, optical transparency and mechanical flexibility. Despite many efforts in this field, the optoelectronic performance of AgNW networks is still not sufficient to replace the present material, indium tin oxide (ITO), due to the high junction resistance. Also, the environmental stability and the mechanical properties need enhancement for future commercialization. Many studies have attempted to overcome such problems by tuning the AgNW synthesis and optimizing the film-forming process. In this chapter, we survey recent progresses of AgNWs in flexible electronics by describing both fabrication and applications of flexible transparent AgNW electrodes. The synthesis of AgNWs and the fabrication of AgNW electrodes will be demonstrated, and the performance enhanced by various methods to suit different applications will be also discussed. Finally, technical challenges and future trends are presented for the application of transparent electrodes in flexible electronics.

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Section: Roll-to-roll Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The schematic and equipment of roll-to-roll fabrication process: (a) the schematic[82], (b) photograph of the R2R system[84], (c) a laboratory-scale coating system from solar coating machinery GmbH, Germany[77], and (d) photograph of the monitoring during coating[77].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Fabrication and Applications of Flexible Transparent Electrodes Based on Silver Nanowires

Yi¹,

Zhu²,

Deng³

2018

Flexible Electronics

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“…Transparent, flexible electronics have gained emerging attention in a variety of fields, including optoelectronics, energy storages, sensors, and light emitting displays. [1][2][3][4][5] However, conventional conductors, such as indium tin oxide (ITO), have long suffered from high processing cost and lack of flexibility. Motivated by this issue, researchers have developed many ITO alternatives by using conductive materials with decreasing dimensions, including nanoscale metal mesh, [6][7][8][9][10] conductive polymer, 11,12 metal nanowires, [13][14][15] graphene, [16][17][18][19][20][21] and carbon nanotubes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coat-and-print patterning of silver nanowires for flexible and transparent electronics

Meredov

Shamim

2019

npj Flex Electron

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Silver nanowires (Ag NWs) possess excellent optoelectronic properties, which have led to many technology-focused applications of transparent and flexible electronics. Many of these applications require patterning of Ag NWs into desired shapes, for which maskbased and printing-based techniques have been developed and widely used. However, there are still several limitations associated to these techniques. These limitations, such as complicated patterning procedures, limited patterning area, and compromised optical transparency, hamper the efficient fabrication of high-performance Ag NW patterns. Here, we propose a coat-and-print approach for effectively patterning Ag NWs. We printed a polymer-based ink on the spin-coated Ag NW films. The ink acts as a protective layer to help remove excess Ag NWs from the substrate and then dissolves itself into an organic solvent. In this way, we can take advantage of both coating-based techniques (lead to Ag NWs with high transparency) and printing-based techniques (efficiently pattern diverse shapes). The resultant Ag NW patterns exhibit comparable conductivity (sheet resistance: 7.1 to 30 Ohm/ sq) and transparency (transmittance: 84 to 95% at λ = 550 nm) to those made by conventional coating methods. In addition, the patterned Ag NWs exhibit robust mechanical stability and reliability, surviving extensive bending and peeling tests. Due to higher conductivity, efficient patterning ability and inherent transparency, this material system and application method is highly suitable for transparent and flexible electronics. As a proof of concept, this research demonstrates a wide-band antenna, operating in the mm-wave range that includes the 5G communication band. The proposed antenna exhibits a wide bandwidth of 26 GHz (from 17.9 GHz to 44 GHz), robust return loss under 1000 cyclic bending (bending radius of 3.5 mm), and decent transparency over the entire visible wavelength (86.8% transmittance at λ = 550 nm). This work's promising results indicate that this method can be adapted for roll-to-roll manufacturing to efficiently produce patterned and optically transparent devices.

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“…Silver nanowire (AgNW) attracts much attention recently as a promising transparent electrode material to replace ITO. [10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17] Apart from the flexibility of AgNW, the AgNW electrode is less expensive because it can be made by a solution process and does not use indium which is expensive and depleted reserves.In this study, a flexible white OLED was fabricated to have a high CRI using the AgNW electrode on a polyethylene terephthalate (PET) substrate. The white OLED was realized by converting a fluorescent emission from a blue OLED into a white emission using a color changing phosphor.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimal Structure of Color-Conversion Layer for White Organic Light-Emitting Diode on Silver-Nanowire Anode

Kim

et al. 2017

ECS J. Solid State Sci. Technol.

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We fabricated fluorescent blue organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) using a silver-nanowire (AgNW) anode on a polyethylene terephthalate substrate. Flexible white OLEDs with high color rendering index (CRI) were successfully obtained through color conversion of the blue OLEDs. Using a single layer of color converting phosphor particles, we showed that the variation of CRI with viewing angle depended on the path length of light through the color conversion layer (CCL). We proposed a method to obtain an optimal number of CCL to maximize the CRI value of down-conversion white OLEDs. The color conversion from blue to white using CCLs was compared for the OLEDs on AgNW and conventional indium-tin oxide (ITO) anodes. Due to the light scattering effect of AgNW, the OLED on AgNW electrode showed higher device efficiencies and lower CRI dependence on viewing angle than that on ITO anode. White organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) have been commercialized for solid-state lighting applications and are now competing with another solid-state light source using inorganic light-emitting diodes (LEDs).1,2 Although the OLED lighting has a few advantages over the LED lighting such as a lower heat generation, lower glare, large-area and flexible light source, high production costs of the OLED make it difficult to enter the general lighting market.3 For this reason, a method of lowering the cost of OLED lighting is required. It is well known that there are two different methods to produce white OLEDs. 4 The most commonly used method is to apply a tandem structure for the white OLEDs. 5,6 The tandem OLED is a device that connects two or more OLED lighting units with one or more charge-generation layers, and allows the light-emitting units to emit simultaneously. Tandem white OLEDs can be realized by mixing different colors of the light-emitting units. Another method to produce white OLEDs is to use color changing materials with blue OLEDs for converting the blue to white emission. [7][8][9] Currently, the second method is not commonly utilized because highly stable and efficient blue-emitting materials are not available, even though the method can potentially reduce the production cost of white OLEDs by utilizing simpler device structure and cheaper materials. To accelerate the market entry of the OLED lighting, considerable efforts are being made to develop blue emitting materials having high efficiency and long lifetime. In this regard, we focus on the second method to develop white OLEDs with a high color rendering index (CRI) in this study.The most commonly used transparent electrode for OLEDs is indium tin oxide (ITO). Because the ITO is intrinsically rigid, it is difficult to use it as a transparent electrode of flexible OLEDs. Silver nanowire (AgNW) attracts much attention recently as a promising transparent electrode material to replace ITO. [10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17] Apart from the flexibility of AgNW, the AgNW electrode is less expensive because it can be made by a solution process and does not use indium which is ...

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Roll-to-roll preparation of silver-nanowire transparent electrode and its application to large-area organic light-emitting diodes

Cited by 78 publications

References 13 publications

Fabrication and Applications of Flexible Transparent Electrodes Based on Silver Nanowires

Fabrication and Applications of Flexible Transparent Electrodes Based on Silver Nanowires

Coat-and-print patterning of silver nanowires for flexible and transparent electronics

Optimal Structure of Color-Conversion Layer for White Organic Light-Emitting Diode on Silver-Nanowire Anode

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