Roles of TNF-α gene polymorphisms in the occurrence and progress of SARS-Cov infection: A case-control study

Abstract

Background: Host genetic factors may play a role in the occurrence and progress of SARS-Cov infection. This study was to investigate the relationship between tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α gene polymorphisms with the occurrence of SARS-CoV infection and its role in prognosis of patients with lung interstitial fibrosis and femoral head osteonecrosis.

TNF-a mediated inflammatory macrophage polarization contributes to the pathogenesis of steroid-induced osteonecrosis in mice

“…30 Additionally, previous studies have demonstrated that the polymorphism TNF-α gene may be attributed to the occurrence osteonecrosis in direct or indirect ways in SARS patients. 31 TNF-α can regulate the absorption activity of osteoclasts and the release of oxygen free radicals and lipid peroxidation, destroy bone and cartilage, which eventually result in ischemic necrosis of the femoral head. 32 Therefore, TNF-α has dual roles in both innate immunity and inflammatory pathology, and the gene regulation is challenging.…”

Association of TNF-α-308(G/A) and -238(G/A) polymorphisms with non-traumatic osteonecrosis of the femoral head risks: a meta-analysis

“…Many factors were involved in the aetiology of NONFH, among which evidences supporting the TNF-α gene-308 or -238 polymorphisms have been provided currently [29][30][31][32][33]. However, these distinct studies presented conclusions inconsistently.…”

“…Therefore, we used Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (HWE) to analyze the genotype distribution and assess the reliability of subjects' selection for each study. Although the selection of controls in S. Samara et al [32] was likely to have poor quality (P < 0.05), the genotype distribution of the controls in Shixin Wang et al [33] did not significantly vary from the natural populations (P > 0.05) ( Table 2), which indicated that the selection of controls in in Shixin Wang et al [33] was acceptable for our analysis.…”

“…The aetiological diagnosis of osteonecrosis of the femoral head and the number of relative cases and controls was not clear in some of the eligible studies, but all the involved patients were corresponding to the diagnostic criteria of NONFH described within the studies, which has been inspected cautiously. In addition, it should be noted that 37 controls recruited in Shixin Wang et al [33] were cured SARS patients with no femoral head necrosis, while the other 723 controls were all described as healthy individuals. Therefore, we used Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (HWE) to analyze the genotype distribution and assess the reliability of subjects' selection for each study.…”

“…Recently, many genetic polymorphisms have been detected in the cytokine promoter at the initial position of TNF-α transcription site, which are 1031(T/C), 376(G/A), 308(G/A), 238(G/A), et al [24]. Various scientific literatures have demonstrated TNF-α gene polymorphisms being associated to the susceptibility of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) [25], ankylosing spondylitis (AS) [26], gastric and hepatocellular carcinomas [27], and periodontitis [28], as well as NONFH [3,[29][30][31][32][33]. Though many relevant research programs have been performed, when it comes to the relation of TNF-α-308(G/A) (rs1800629) and -238(G/A) (rs361525) polymorphisms to NONFH susceptibility, no common consensus has been reached yet and there does not exist any meta-analysis summarizing those relative studies.…”