Roles of the riparian vegetation: the antagonism between flooding risk and the protection of environments

Zanetti, Caroline; Macia, J; Liency, Nelly; Vennetier, M.; Mériaux, Patrice; Provensal, M. Cecilia

doi:10.1051/e3sconf/20160713015

Cited by 6 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…The higher evacuation routes in terms of asphalt roads [30] imply the less complicated evacuation process [31], which can affect the vulnerability. Besides the function as a flood barrier to reduce the velocity of runoff and erosion [43], vegetation can act as a buffer zone for water decontamination [47]. Thus, the potential for harm to less forested areas will increase, implying that the community's coping ability will greatly reduce (Ortwin 2006 in [43]).…”

Section: Indicators Selectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flood Vulnerability Assessment through Different Methodological Approaches in the Context of North-West Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan

Nazeer

Bork

2019

Sustainability

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There are several approaches to assess flood vulnerability as a proactive measure to reduce the risk of flooding. The indicator-based approach is primarily practiced from a policy point of view through the use of composite indicators. Composite indicators can be built from very easy to very complex and sophisticated methods. However, there are two complications that arise with this issue. On the one hand, the flood vulnerability index should be fairly simple, taking into account the interdisciplinary nature of various stakeholders involved in flood risk management. While on the other hand, addressing the issue of subjectivity or prejudice should be scientifically defensible. As there is no a single universally “best” methodological approach for the construction of composite indicator due to its data-specific nature for each individual study. The aim of this study is therefore to construct such an index of flood vulnerability that is not only intuitive to a variety of stakeholders, but also scientifically justified in the context of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. Therefore, the current study demonstrated a detailed procedure to construct the flood vulnerability indices through different methodological approaches of data rescaling, weighting, and aggregation schemes, along with a fairly simple approach for robustness. For this purpose, data was collected through different (official) portals for the nine highly flood-prone districts of the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. It was found that the weighting schemes had a greater influence on the flood vulnerability ranking of the selected districts compared to data rescaling and aggregation schemes. The simple model, which is the frequently using approach of building composite indicators in scientific community, was found to be appropriate for the selected data. The methodology adopted in the study can provide decision-makers and relevant authorities with a practical tool to identify and prioritize certain vulnerable areas and measures to mitigate current flood vulnerabilities while preparing for future flood risk mitigation in the province through a fairly simple and methodologically defensible approach.

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Section: Indicators Selectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flood Vulnerability Assessment through Different Methodological Approaches in the Context of North-West Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan

Nazeer

Bork

2019

Sustainability

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“…The use of woody vegetation on dikes is widely debated. While woody vegetation offers ecological functions, e.g., providing habitats, balancing water quality and temperature, as well as cultural, recreational and aesthetic functions [89], the effects on dike safety are contrarily discussed. Table 1 summarizes reasons for and against woody vegetation on dikes.…”

Section: Woody Vegetation On Dikesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Increased risk of vegetation-induced dike damage, e.g., holes due to tree failure, damage of dike sealing [1,89,93,94] Increased risk of erosion: trees as starting point for external erosion (flow concentrations, turbulences), increased internal erosion due to cavities as a result of root decay [1,63,89,93,94] Additional forces, e.g., wind forces, transmitted into slope [1,63,93] Hinder the development of an erosion-resistant surface cover due to shadowing [1,93] Effects on water flow: reduction of flow velocities through increased roughness, reduced flow cross section [63,89] Increased risk to attract burrowing animals [1,93] Complication of monitoring and maintenance [1,63,89,93] Obstacles during flood fighting operations [1,63,93]…”

Section: Contra Referencementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Increased soil stabilization due to root reinforcement [1,63,89,95,96] Increased (global) dike stability due to additional weight and/or deeper roots [63,94,95,97] Positive effects on soil moisture due to interception, water extraction and transpiration [63,89,94] Foreshore woody vegetation and woody vegetation on the outer slope can act as breakwater or protection against ice drift and reduce flow velocities [88,94,97] Positive effects on sediment transport [89] Ecological functions, e.g., providing habitats, balancing water quality, temperature etc. [89,98] Cultural, recreational and aesthetic functions [89,95,98] Reduced maintenance costs/efforts [95,97]…”

Section: Pro Referencementioning

confidence: 99%

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Enhancing the Ecological Value of Sea Dikes

Scheres¹,

Schüttrumpf²

2019

Water

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Sea dikes protect low-lying hinterlands along many coasts all around the world. Commonly, they are designed as embankments with grass covers or grey revetments accounting for the prevailing hydraulic loads. So far, incorporation of ecological aspects in the dike design is limited. With regard to increasing environmental awareness and climate change adaptation needs, the present study reviews methods for ecological enhancement of sea dikes and discusses limitations and challenges related to these methods. In doing so, one key aspect is to maintain dike safety while increasing the ecological value. Potential for ecological enhancement of sea dikes has been found regarding natural or nature-based solutions in the foreshore, dike surface protection measures (vegetated dike covers, hard revetments and dike roads) and the dike geometry. While natural and nature-based solutions in the foreland are investigated thoroughly, so far only few experiences with ecological enhancements of the dike structure itself were gained resulting in uncertainties and knowledge gaps concerning the implementation and efficiency. Additional to technical uncertainties, engineers and ecologists meet the challenge of interdisciplinary collaboration under consideration of societal needs and expectations.

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“…While this encourages managers to adopt more sustainable and environmentally responsible practices, they are faced with a complexification of vegetation management operations. It is up to the manager to define the adapted management plan [1] and [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Riparian Vegetation Management: Reconciling Environmental and Anthropogenic Issues

Zanetti¹,

Liency²

2019

AJESE

Self Cite

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Historically, people lived in harmony with watercourses, cultivating their land and creating their habitat according to the benefits and the whims of the rivers. Since the beginning of the 20th century, man has domesticated his environment with determination. The rural exodus, the agricultural depreciation and the numerous river amenities have resulted in a momentum of area closures and in the modification of hydraulic conditions during the flow of flood waters. An unmanaged vegetation colonization along the edge of watercourses (protection dikes, retention dams, appointed river banks) induces various issues; however, a drastic management is not absolutely beneficial and sometimes even runs counter to the objective. The environmental issues conciliation -positive impact on fluvial ecosystems (shade, water decontamination, bank stabilization, biodiversity) -with anthropogenic issues is therefore essential to identify these suitable management solutions. Since 1970 and until 2006, phytopharmaceutical products were used extensively to control vegetation development on dikes, dams and canals due to their high-speed action and their low-cost implementation. Phytopharmaceutical product prohibition induces a great expansion of vegetation on structure cladding. Pioneer trees species like poplar are largely represented. Implanted near water points they grow fast in phytopharmaceutical treatment prohibited zone. Woody vegetation control methods are frequently implemented too late, when impacts caused by roots are observed; structural reparation costs are consequently very high. New vegetation management solutions have to be developed, in order to allow both risk reduction and environmental preservation. Some different eco-friendly solutions exist but must be promoted by rivers and dikes managers. This paper presents these integrated solutions and illustrates through some case studies the implemented solutions to reconcile the antagonist environmental and anthropogenic issues.

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Roles of the riparian vegetation: the antagonism between flooding risk and the protection of environments

Cited by 6 publications

References 10 publications

Flood Vulnerability Assessment through Different Methodological Approaches in the Context of North-West Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan

Flood Vulnerability Assessment through Different Methodological Approaches in the Context of North-West Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan

Enhancing the Ecological Value of Sea Dikes

Riparian Vegetation Management: Reconciling Environmental and Anthropogenic Issues

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