Roles of the<i>Af</i>and<i>Tl</i>genes in pea leaf morphogenesis: leaf morphology and pinna anatomy of the heterozygotes

Villani, Philip J.; DeMason, Darleen A.

doi:10.1139/b99-030

Cited by 17 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Tendrils are formed where auxin levels are high and these primordia are more responsive to the Tl gene product; and leaflets form where the auxin levels are low and these primordia are more responsive to the Af gene product. These results explain the apparent gradients in gene activity along the leaf axis that ultimately control pinna development, as suggested previously, and the fact that pinna type is primarily determined by position on the leaf axis (Lu et al 1996;Villani and DeMason 1999b;DeMason and Villani 2001).…”

Section: Roles Of Auxin/auxin Gradients In Pea Leaf Developmentsupporting

confidence: 83%

“…The higher levels present in the tl mutant may explain why this line has longer leaves with more pinna pairs than WT (Villani and DeMason 1999b). The af lines have ectopic Uni expression in branched pinna primordia (Gourlay et al 2000) and the af tl double mutant has more branched pinnae than af (Lu et al 1996).…”

Section: Relationship Between Auxin and Uni Gene Expressionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1c). Although these mutant phenotypes appear, as Marx (1987) supposed, to affect only a single region since Af appears to affect only the proximal/leaflet region and Tl appears to affect only the distal/tendril region, careful morphological and anatomical analysis of the five heterozygous combinations provides evidence that both genes interact to affect pinna development, as well as other aspects of leaf form, at all positions along the leaf axis (Villani and DeMason 1999b). However, the strength of each gene's influence depends on the leaf region and can be described as occurring in a gradient.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

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Roles for auxin during morphogenesis of the compound leaves of pea ( Pisum sativum )

DeMason

Chawla

2004

Planta

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The goal of this study was to explore the impact of the plant growth regulator auxin on the development of compound leaves in pea. Wildtype ( WT) plantlets, as well as those of two leaf mutants, acacia ( tl) and tendrilled acacia ( uni-tac) of pea ( Pisum sativum L.), were grown on media containing the auxin-transport inhibitors 2,3,5-triiodobenzoic acid (TIBA), N-(1-naphthyl)phthalamic acid (NPA), or the auxin antagonist, p-chlorophenoxyisobutyric acid (PCIB). The resulting plantlets were carefully analyzed morphologically, by scanning electron microscopy and for Uni gene expression using quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Auxin transport was measured in WT leaf parts using [(14)C]indole-3-acetic acid. Relative Uni gene expression was determined in shoot tips of a range of leaf-form mutants. Morphological abnormalities were observed for all genotypes examined. The terminal tendrils on WT plants were converted to leaflets, stubs or were aborted. The number of pinna pairs produced on leaves was reduced, with the distal forms being eliminated before the proximal ones. Some leaves were converted to simple, including tri-and bilobed, forms. These treatments phenocopy the uni-tac and unifoliata ( uni) mutants of pea. In the most extreme situations, leaf blades were completely lost leaving only a pair of stipules or scale leaves. Polar auxin transport was basipetal for all leaf parts. Uni gene expression in shoot tips was significantly reduced in 60 microM NPA and TIBA. Uni mRNA was more abundant in tl, af and af tl and reduced in the uni mutants compared to WT. These results indicate that an auxin gradient plays fundamental roles in controlling morphogenesis in the compound leaves of pea and specifically it: (i). is the driving force for leaf growth and pinna determination; (ii). is necessary for pinna initiation; and (iii). controls subsequent pinna development.

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Section: Roles Of Auxin/auxin Gradients In Pea Leaf Developmentsupporting

confidence: 83%

Section: Relationship Between Auxin and Uni Gene Expressionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

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Roles for auxin during morphogenesis of the compound leaves of pea ( Pisum sativum )

DeMason

Chawla

2004

Planta

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“…Both m-IAA and 4-Cl-IAA increase the number of pinna pairs produced on tl plantlets, and the timing (m-IAA before 4-Cl-IAA) and efficiency (m-IAA > 4-Cl-IAA) is similar to the effects observed for uni-tac. The tl genotype already has longer leaves with more pinna pairs than WT (Villani and DeMason 1999). There is little, if any, effect of these auxins on pinna pair production in either WT or uni.…”

Section: Role Of Auxin In Pea Leaf Morphogenesismentioning

confidence: 96%

Auxin–cytokinin and auxin–gibberellin interactions during morphogenesis of the compound leaves of pea (Pisum sativum)

DeMason

2005

Planta

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A number of mutations that alter the form of the compound leaf in pea (Pisum sativum) has proven useful in elucidating the role that auxin might play in pea leaf development. The goals of this study were to determine if auxin application can rescue any of the pea leaf mutants and if gibberellic acid (GA) plays a role in leaf morphogenesis in pea. A tissue culture system was used to determine the effects of various auxins, GA or a GA biosynethesis inhibitor (paclobutrazol) on leaf development. The GA mutant, nana1 (na1) was analyzed. The uni-tac mutant was rescued by auxin and GA and rescue involved both a conversion of the terminal leaflet into a tendril and an addition of a pair of lateral tendrils. This rescue required the presence of cytokinin. The auxins tested varied in their effectiveness, although methyl-IAA worked best. The terminal tendrils of wildtype plantlets grown on paclobutrazol were converted into leaflets, stubs or were aborted. The number of lateral pinna pairs produced was reduced and leaf initiation was impaired. These abnormalities resembled those caused by auxin transport inhibitors and phenocopy the uni mutants. The na1 mutant shared some morphological features with the uni mutants; including, flowering late and producing leaves with fewer lateral pinna pairs. These results show that both auxin and GA play similar and significant roles in pea leaf development. Pea leaf morphogenesis might involve auxin regulation of GA biosynthesis and GA regulation of Uni expression.

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“…On a heterozygous plant (TL/tl), the tendrils are straplike and considered to be intermediate between leaflets and tendrils (Marx, 1987;Villani and DeMason, 1999b). Perhaps the wildtype TL gene plays no role in lamina or tendril formation, but the altered activity of the gene in the tl mutant allows it to have an influence on leaf patterning that it would not normally exert.…”

Section: Interactions Between Uni and Tlmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pea Compound Leaf Architecture Is Regulated by Interactions among the Genes UNIFOLIATA, COCHLEATA, AFILA, and TENDRIL-LESS

2000

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The compound leaf primordium of pea represents a marginal blastozone that initiates organ primordia, in an acropetal manner, from its growing distal region. The UNIFOLIATA ( UNI ) gene is important in marginal blastozone maintenance because loss or reduction of its function results in uni mutant leaves of reduced complexity. In this study, we show that UNI is expressed in the leaf blastozone over the period in which organ primordia are initiated and is downregulated at the time of leaf primordium determination. Prolonged UNI expression was associated with increased blastozone activity in the complex leaves of afila ( af ), cochleata ( coch ), and afila tendril-less ( af tl ) mutant plants. Our analysis suggests that UNI expression is negatively regulated by COCH in stipule primordia, by AF in proximal leaflet primordia, and by AF and TL in distal and terminal tendril primordia. We propose that the control of UNI expression by AF , TL , and COCH is important in the regulation of blastozone activity and pattern formation in the compound leaf primordium of the pea.

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Roles of theAfandTlgenes in pea leaf morphogenesis: leaf morphology and pinna anatomy of the heterozygotes

Cited by 17 publications

References 27 publications

Roles for auxin during morphogenesis of the compound leaves of pea ( Pisum sativum )

Roles for auxin during morphogenesis of the compound leaves of pea ( Pisum sativum )

Auxin–cytokinin and auxin–gibberellin interactions during morphogenesis of the compound leaves of pea (Pisum sativum)

Pea Compound Leaf Architecture Is Regulated by Interactions among the Genes UNIFOLIATA, COCHLEATA, AFILA, and TENDRIL-LESS

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