Roles of the GLABROUS1 and TRANSPARENT TESTA GLABRA Genes in Arabidopsis Trichome Development

Larkin, John C.; Oppenheimer, David G; Lloyd, A. C.; Paparozzi, Ellen T.; Marks, M. David

doi:10.2307/3869885

Cited by 112 publications

(114 citation statements)

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“…It has been frequently observed in other systems that Myb proteins act in combination with other transcription factors (e.g., Tice-Baldwin et al, 1989;Goff et al, 1992;Burk et al, 1993;Larkin et al, 1994). The presence of a CCAAT box downstream of the conserved CCA1 binding sequence (Table 1) also raises the possibility that CCA1 could interact with a CCAAT-box binding protein.…”

Section: Wt2 -G-gtt-----g-g--------g--t-c---------------g-gtt-----g-gmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Myb-related transcription factor is involved in the phytochrome regulation of an Arabidopsis Lhcb gene.

et al. 1997

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We have isolated the gene for a protein designated CCAl. This protein can bind t o a region of the promoter of an Arabidopsis light-harvesting chlorophyll a/b protein gene, Lhcb7*3, which is necessary for its regulation by phytochrome. The CCAl protein interacted with two imperfect repeats in the Lhcb7*3 promoter, AAA/,AATCT, a sequence that is conserved in Lhcb genes. A region near the N terminus of CCA1, which has some homology t o the repeated sequence found in the DNA binding domain of Myb proteins, is required for binding t o the Lhcb7*3 promoter. Lines of transgenic Arabidopsis plants expressing antisense RNA for CCAl showed reduced phytochrome induction of the endogenous Lhcb7*3 gene, whereas expression of another phytochrome-regulated gene, rbcS-7A, which encodes the small subunit of ribulose-1 ,Bbisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase, was not affected. Thus, the CCAl protein acts as a specific activator of Lhcb7*3 transcription in response t o brief red illumination. The expression of CCAl RNA was itself transiently increased when etiolated seedlings were transferred t o light. We conclude that the CCAl protein is a key element in the functioning of the phytochrome signal transduction pathway leading t o increased transcription of this Lhcb gene in Arabidopsis.

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Section: Wt2 -G-gtt-----g-g--------g--t-c---------------g-gtt-----g-gmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Myb-related transcription factor is involved in the phytochrome regulation of an Arabidopsis Lhcb gene.

et al. 1997

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“…Ectopic overexpression of GL1 using the 35S promoter reduced trichome density and even blocked trichome induction by JAs (see Fig. S4B in the supplementary material) (Larkin et al, 1994). Gibberellins are proposed to activate trichome formation by upregulating GL1 expression (Perazza et al, 1998).…”

Section: Discrete Domains Of Gl1 Contribute To Trichome Induction Difmentioning

confidence: 99%

Jasmonic acid control of GLABRA3 links inducible defense and trichome patterning inArabidopsis

et al. 2009

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Once attacked by herbivores, plants regenerate new leaves with increased trichome density as an inducible defense. Trichomes are specified from neighboring epidermal cells through local cell-cell interactions in the leaf primordia. However, the molecular mechanism of how herbivore-induced damage at older leaves remodels the pattern of trichome fate specification at newly forming leaves is largely unknown. In this study, we show that mutations in either the biosynthetic or signaling pathway of jasmonates (JAs), long-distance wound signals, abolish the wound-induced formation of trichomes. To identify the factors linking JA signaling to trichome fate specification, we isolated a novel class of mutants, unarmed (urm), which lack trichome induction but show otherwise normal responses to JAs. URM9 encodes an Importin β family protein, and URM23 is identical to TRANSPARENT TESTA GLABRA1 (TTG1), the product of which interacts with the bHLH transcription factor GLABRA3 (GL3). Loss of either URM9 or URM23 disrupts the subnuclear localization of GL3, thus implicating GL3 in trichome induction. The expression of GL3 was enhanced by JA treatment prior to trichome initiation. Genetic analysis of multiple trichome mutants shows that GL3, in concert with the R2R3-Myb transcription factor GLABRA1 (GL1), promotes trichome fate in response to JA in a dosage-dependent manner. These results indicate that GL3 is a key transcription factor of wound-induced trichome formation acting downstream of JA signaling in Arabidopsis.

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“…Genetic analyses have identified at least three regulatory proteins that promote trichome initiation: GLABROUS1 (GL1), an R2R3-Myb-type transcription factor; TRANSPARENT TESTA GLABRA1 (TTG1), a protein containing WD-40 repeats; and GLABRA3 (GL3), a basic helix-loop-helix-type transcription factor. Loss-of-function mutations in the GL1 and TTG1 genes nearly abolish trichome initiation on leaves (Larkin et al, 1994;Walker et al, 1999;Payne et al, 2000). GL3 has been shown to self-associate and assemble with GL1 and TTG1 in yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) two-hybrid experiments, but GL1 and TTG1 are not known to interact (Larkin et al, 1994;Walker et al, 1999;Payne et al, 2000;Zhang et al, 2003).…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Loss-of-function mutations in the GL1 and TTG1 genes nearly abolish trichome initiation on leaves (Larkin et al, 1994;Walker et al, 1999;Payne et al, 2000). GL3 has been shown to self-associate and assemble with GL1 and TTG1 in yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) two-hybrid experiments, but GL1 and TTG1 are not known to interact (Larkin et al, 1994;Walker et al, 1999;Payne et al, 2000;Zhang et al, 2003).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), trichomes decorate stems, sepals, and leaves, where they first appear on the adaxial side, early in leaf development (Larkin et al, 1994;Hü lskamp et al, 1999). Genetic analyses have identified at least three regulatory proteins that promote trichome initiation: GLABROUS1 (GL1), an R2R3-Myb-type transcription factor; TRANSPARENT TESTA GLABRA1 (TTG1), a protein containing WD-40 repeats; and GLABRA3 (GL3), a basic helix-loop-helix-type transcription factor.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Genetic and Molecular Regulation by DELLA Proteins of Trichome Development in Arabidopsis

Gan

Yu²,

Peng³

et al. 2007

Plant Physiology

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Gibberellins (GA) are known to influence phase change in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) as well as the development of trichomes, which are faithful epidermal markers of shoot maturation. They modulate these developmental programs in part by antagonizing DELLA repressors of growth, GIBBERELLIC ACID INSENSITIVE (GAI) and REPRESSOR OF ga1-3 (RGA). In this study, we have probed the relative roles played by RGA, GAI, and two homologs, RGA-LIKE1 (RGL1) and RGL2, in these processes and investigated molecular mechanisms through which they influence epidermal differentiation. We found that the DELLAs act collectively to regulate trichome initiation on all aerial organs and that the onset of their activity is accompanied by the repression of most genes known to regulate trichome production. These effects are consistent with the results of genetic analysis, which conclusively place theses genes downstream of the DELLAs. We find that repression of trichome regulatory genes is rapid, but involves an indirect, rather than a direct, molecular mechanism, which requires de novo protein synthesis. DELLA activity also influences postinitiation events and we show that GAI is a major repressor of trichome branching, a role in which it is antagonized by RGL1 and RGL2. Finally, we report that, in contrast to most other effects, the repression by GA applications of flower trichome initiation is not dependent on RGA, GAI, RGL1, or RGL2. In summary, our data show that DELLA proteins are central to trichome development in Arabidopsis and that their effect can be largely explained by their transcriptional influence on trichome initiation activators.

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Roles of the GLABROUS1 and TRANSPARENT TESTA GLABRA Genes in Arabidopsis Trichome Development

Cited by 112 publications

References 0 publications

A Myb-related transcription factor is involved in the phytochrome regulation of an Arabidopsis Lhcb gene.

A Myb-related transcription factor is involved in the phytochrome regulation of an Arabidopsis Lhcb gene.

Jasmonic acid control of GLABRA3 links inducible defense and trichome patterning inArabidopsis

Genetic and Molecular Regulation by DELLA Proteins of Trichome Development in Arabidopsis

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