Roles of the Arabidopsis G protein γ subunit AGG3 and its rice homologs GS3 and DEP1 in seed and organ size control

Li, Shengjun; Liu, Wuxia; Zhang, Xiaoqing; Liu, Yaju; Li, Na; Li, Yunhai

doi:10.4161/psb.21620

Cited by 39 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…In Arabidopsis only one α-, one β- and three γ-subunits have been identified [12], suggesting, that the function of the heterotrimer differs depending on the respective γ-subunit involved [13]. While the two canonical Arabidopsis heterotrimeric G protein γ-subunits AGG1 and AGG2 were identified at the turn of the millennium [14, 15], the third γ-subunit, AGG3, was first identified in 2011 [6] due to its unusual structural characteristics.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

HvDep1 Is a Positive Regulator of Culm Elongation and Grain Size in Barley and Impacts Yield in an Environment-Dependent Manner

et al. 2016

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Heterotrimeric G proteins are intracellular membrane-attached signal transducers involved in various cellular processes in both plants and animals. They consist of three subunits denoted as α, β and γ. The γ-subunits of the so-called AGG3 type, which comprise a transmembrane domain, are exclusively found in plants. In model species, these proteins have been shown to participate in the control of plant height, branching and seed size and could therefore impact the harvestable yield of various crop plants. Whether AGG3-type γ-subunits influence yield in temperate cereals like barley and wheat remains unknown. Using a transgenic complementation approach, we show here that the Scottish malting barley cultivar (cv.) Golden Promise carries a loss-of-function mutation in HvDep1, an AGG3-type subunit encoding gene that positively regulates culm elongation and seed size in barley. Somewhat intriguingly, agronomic field data collected over a 12-year period reveals that the HvDep1 loss-of-function mutation in cv. Golden Promise has the potential to confer either a significant increase or decrease in harvestable yield depending on the environment. Our results confirm the role of AGG3-type subunit-encoding genes in shaping plant architecture, but interestingly also indicate that the impact HvDep1 has on yield in barley is both genotypically and environmentally sensitive. This may explain why widespread exploitation of variation in AGG3-type subunit-encoding genes has not occurred in temperate cereals while in rice the DEP1 locus is widely exploited to improve harvestable yield.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

HvDep1 Is a Positive Regulator of Culm Elongation and Grain Size in Barley and Impacts Yield in an Environment-Dependent Manner

et al. 2016

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“…Several factors that affect grain size by influencing cell proliferation have been described in rice. GRAIN SIZE 3 ( GS3 ), a major quantitative trait locus (QTL) for grain length, functions as a negative factor for grain size (Fan et al ., ; Takano‐Kai et al ., ; Mao et al ., ), however its Arabidopsis homolog AGG3 has been known to be an atypical heterotrimeric G protein γ‐subunit that positively influences seed and organ size by promoting cell proliferation (Li et al ., ,b). GRAIN LENGTH3 ( qGL3 ) encodes a putative type 2A phosphatase and influences grain length by limiting cell proliferation (Hu et al ., ; Qi et al ., ; Zhang et al ., ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

SMALL GRAIN 1, which encodes a mitogen‐activated protein kinase kinase 4, influences grain size in rice

et al. 2014

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These authors contributed equally to this work. SUMMARYAlthough grain size is one of the most important components of grain yield, little information is known about the mechanisms that determine final grain size in crops. Here we characterize rice small grain1 (smg1) mutants, which exhibit small and light grains, dense and erect panicles and comparatively slightly shorter plants. The short grain and panicle phenotypes of smg1 mutants are caused by a defect in cell proliferation. The smg1 mutations were identified, using a map-based cloning approach, in mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 4 (OsMKK4). Relatively higher expression of OsMKK4/SMG1 was detected in younger organs than in older ones, consistent with its role in cell proliferation. Green fluorescent protein (GFP)-OsMKK4/SMG1 fusion proteins appear to be distributed ubiquitously in plant cells. Further results revealed that OsMKK4 influenced brassinosteroid (BR) responses and the expression of BR-related genes. Thus, our findings have identified OsMKK4 as a factor for grain size, and suggest a possible link between the MAPK pathways and BRs in grain growth.

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“…Currently, 1,000-grain weight of commercial rice varieties is usually 25∼35 g. To date, several quantitative trait loci (QTLs) that affect rice grain size and/or shape have been cloned from different rice germplasms. GS3 (2-4) and DEP1 (5, 6), two QTLs affecting rice grain length, function as negative factors; however, their homolog in Arabidopsis, AGG3, has been found to be an atypical heterotrimeric G protein γ-subunit that positively regulates organ size (7,8). For grain width, GW2 (9) (encoding a RING-type E3 ubiquitin ligase) and qSW5/GW5 (10, 11) have been reported as negative regulators, whereas GS5 (12) (encoding a putative serine carboxypeptidase) and GW8 (13) (encoding a transcription factor with SBP domain) are positive regulators.…”

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Rare allele of OsPPKL1 associated with grain length causes extra-large grain and a significant yield increase in rice

Zhang

Wang

Huang

et al. 2012

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

423

315

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Grain size and shape are important components determining rice grain yield, and they are controlled by quantitative trait loci (QTLs). Here, we report the cloning and functional characterization of a major grain length QTL, qGL3, which encodes a putative protein phosphatase with Kelch-like repeat domain (OsPPKL1). We found a rare allele qgl3 that leads to a long grain phenotype by an aspartate-to-glutamate transition in a conserved AVLDT motif of the second Kelch domain in OsPPKL1. The rice genome has other two OsPPKL1 homologs, OsPPKL2 and OsPPKL3. Transgenic studies showed that OsPPKL1 and OsPPKL3 function as negative regulators of grain length, whereas OsPPKL2 as a positive regulator. The Kelch domains are essential for the OsPPKL1 biological function. Field trials showed that the application of the qgl3 allele could significantly increase grain yield in both inbred and hybrid rice varieties, due to its favorable effect on grain length, filling, and weight.QTL mapping | positional cloning | Oryza sativa L.

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Roles of the Arabidopsis G protein γ subunit AGG3 and its rice homologs GS3 and DEP1 in seed and organ size control

Cited by 39 publications

References 20 publications

HvDep1 Is a Positive Regulator of Culm Elongation and Grain Size in Barley and Impacts Yield in an Environment-Dependent Manner

HvDep1 Is a Positive Regulator of Culm Elongation and Grain Size in Barley and Impacts Yield in an Environment-Dependent Manner

SMALL GRAIN 1, which encodes a mitogen‐activated protein kinase kinase 4, influences grain size in rice

Rare allele of OsPPKL1 associated with grain length causes extra-large grain and a significant yield increase in rice

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