Roles of singlet oxygen and triplet excited state of dissolved organic matter formed by different organic matters in bacteriophage MS2 inactivation

Rosado-Lausell, Sahid L.; Wang, Han-Ting; Gutiérrez, Leonardo A.; Romero‐Maraccini, Ofelia C.; Niu, Xi-Zhi; Gin, Karina Yew‐Hoong; Croué, Jean Philippe; Nguyen, Thanh H.

doi:10.1016/j.watres.2013.05.018

Cited by 100 publications

(82 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…Values of k PPRI for all four viruses are close to the diffusion limit for hydroxyl radical ($10 10 M À1 s À1 ) 91,118,119 and 1-2 orders of magnitude lower for singlet oxygen, 3 DOM* or carbonate radicals. 91,114,116 Furthermore, the measured k PPRI for a given reactive species were typically within one order of magnitude for the different viruses (MS2, PhiX174, HAdV), except for 3 DOM*, for which slightly larger differences between viruses were observed. 91 It should be noted that the rate constants for singlet oxygen and 3 DOM* were determined using model sensitizers (Rose Bengal and anthraquinone-2-sulfonate, respectively), and that association between the sensitizers and viruses cannot be ruled out.…”

Section: Exogenous Inactivation (Step 2b)mentioning

confidence: 86%

Sunlight-mediated inactivation of health-relevant microorganisms in water: a review of mechanisms and modeling approaches

Nelson

Boehm

Davies‐Colley

et al. 2018

Environ. Sci.: Processes Impacts

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192

221

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Health-relevant microorganisms present in natural surface waters and engineered treatment systems that are exposed to sunlight can be inactivated by a complex set of interacting mechanisms. The net impact of sunlight depends on the solar spectral irradiance, the susceptibility of the specific microorganism to each mechanism, and the water quality; inactivation rates can vary by orders of magnitude depending on the organism and environmental conditions. Natural organic matter (NOM) has a large influence, as it can attenuate radiation and thus decrease inactivation by endogenous mechanisms. Simultaneously NOM sensitizes the formation of reactive intermediates that can damage microorganisms via exogenous mechanisms. To accurately predict inactivation and design engineered systems that enhance solar inactivation, it is necessary to model these processes, although some details are not yet sufficiently well understood. In this critical review, we summarize the photo-physics, -chemistry, and -biology that underpin sunlight-mediated inactivation, as well as the targets of damage and cellular responses to sunlight exposure. Viruses that are not susceptible to exogenous inactivation are only inactivated if UVB wavelengths (280-320 nm) are present, such as in very clear, open waters or in containers that are transparent to UVB. Bacteria are susceptible to slightly longer wavelengths. Some viruses and bacteria (especially Gram-positive) are susceptible to exogenous inactivation, which can be initiated by visible as well as UV wavelengths. We review approaches to model sunlightmediated inactivation and illustrate how the environmental conditions can dramatically shift the inactivation rate of organisms. The implications of this mechanistic understanding of solar inactivation are discussed for a range of applications, including recreational water quality, natural treatment systems, solar disinfection of drinking water (SODIS), and enhanced inactivation via the use of sensitizers and photocatalysts. Finally, priorities for future research are identified that will further our understanding of the key role that sunlight disinfection plays in natural systems and the potential to enhance this process in engineered systems. Environmental signicanceThe manuscript provides a comprehensive synthesis of the current understanding of the mechanisms by which sunlight causes damage to microorganisms, ultimately leading to inactivation. This topic is important for understanding the fate and transport of microbiological contaminants in all sunlit surface waters, including fresh and marine ecosystems, as well as engineered treatment systems.

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Section: Exogenous Inactivation (Step 2b)mentioning

confidence: 86%

Sunlight-mediated inactivation of health-relevant microorganisms in water: a review of mechanisms and modeling approaches

Nelson

Boehm

Davies‐Colley

et al. 2018

Environ. Sci.: Processes Impacts

Self Cite

192

221

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“…Rosado-Lausell et al 50 studied MS2 inactivation and TMP degradation in the presence of the triplet sensitizer 3′-methoxyacetophenone. On the basis of their data, we computed a second-order rate constant of MS2 inactivation by triplet states of 1.62 × 10 9 M −1 s −1 , which is in good agreement with our result ((6.5 ± 1.8) × 10 8 M −1 s −1 ).…”

Section: Direct Inactivation and Inactivation Quantum Yieldsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Conceptual Model and Experimental Framework to Determine the Contributions of Direct and Indirect Photoreactions to the Solar Disinfection of MS2, phiX174, and Adenovirus

Mattle

Vione

Kohn

2014

Environ. Sci. Technol.

122

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Sunlight inactivates waterborne viruses via direct (absorption of sunlight by the virus) and indirect processes (adsorption of sunlight by external chromophores, which subsequently generate reactive species). While the mechanisms underlying these processes are understood, their relative importance remains unclear. This study establishes an experimental framework to determine the kinetic parameters associated with a virus' susceptibility to solar disinfection and proposes a model to estimate disinfection rates and to apportion the contributions of different inactivation processes. Quantum yields of direct inactivation were determined for three viruses (MS2, phiX174, and adenovirus), and second-order rate constants associated with indirect inactivation by four reactive species ((1)O2, OH(•), CO3(•-), and triplet states) were established. PhiX174 exhibited the greatest quantum yield (1.4 × 10(-2)), indicating that it is more susceptible to direct inactivation than MS2 (2.9 × 10(-3)) or adenovirus (2.5 × 10(-4)). Second-order rate constants ranged from 1.7 × 10(7) to 7.0 × 10(9) M(-1) s(-1) and followed the sequence MS2 > adenovirus > phiX174. A predictive model based on these parameters accurately estimated solar disinfection of MS2 and phiX174 in a natural water sample and approximated that of adenovirus within a factor of 6. Inactivation mostly occurred by direct processes, though indirect inactivation by (1)O2 also contributed to the disinfection of MS2 and adenovirus.

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“…The photoreactivity of organic matter is often assessed in relation to its optical properties, including specific ultraviolet absorbance (e.g., at 254 nm, SUVA 254 ) and slope characteristics of the absorbance spectrum. 25,[28][29][30][31] EfOM, in comparison to DOM, exhibits lower SUVA 254 values 24,32-34 and therefore absorbs, or attenuates, less light on a per carbon basis in the water column than DOM. The ratio of DOM absorbance at 254 nm to 365 nm (E 2 /E 3 ratio) has been related to the quantum yields of photochemically-produced reactive intermediates.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Triplet Photochemistry of Effluent and Natural Organic Matter in Whole Water and Isolates from Effluent-Receiving Rivers

Bodhipaksha

Sharpless

Chin

et al. 2015

Environ. Sci. Technol.

138

133

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Effluent organic matter (EfOM), contained in treated municipal wastewater, differs in composition from naturally occurring dissolved organic matter (DOM). The presence of EfOM may thus alter the photochemical production of reactive intermediates in rivers that receive measurable contributions of treated municipal wastewater. Quantum yield coefficients for excited triplet-state OM (3OM*) and apparent quantum yields for singlet oxygen (1O2) were measured for both whole water samples and OM isolated by solid phase extraction from whole water samples collected upstream and downstream of municipal wastewater treatment plant discharges in three rivers receiving differing effluent contributions: Hockanum R., CT (22% (v/v) effluent flow), E. Fork Little Miami R., OH (11%), and Pomperaug R., CT (6%). While only small differences in production of these reactive intermediates were observed between upstream and downstream whole water samples collected from the same river, yields of 3OM* and 1O2 varied by 30-50% between the rivers. Apparent quantum yields of 1O2 followed similar trends to those of 3OM*, consistent with 3OM* as a precursor to 1O2 formation. Higher 3OM* reactivity was observed for whole water samples than for OM isolates of the same water, suggesting differential recoveries of photoreactive moieties by solid phase extraction. 3OM* and 1O2 yields increased with increasing E2/E3 ratio (A254 nm divided by A365 nm) and decreased with increasing electron donating capacities of the samples, thus exhibiting trends also observed for reference humic and fulvic acid isolates. Mixing experiments with EfOM and DOM isolates showed evidence of quenching of triplet DOM by EfOM when measured yields were compared to theoretical yields. Together, the results suggest that effluent contributions of up to 25% (v/v) to river systems have a negligible influence on photochemical production of 3OM* and 1O2 apparently because of quenching of triplet DOM by EfOM. Furthermore, the results highlight the importance of whole water studies for quantifying in situ photoreactivity, particularly for 3OM*.

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Roles of singlet oxygen and triplet excited state of dissolved organic matter formed by different organic matters in bacteriophage MS2 inactivation

Cited by 100 publications

References 43 publications

Sunlight-mediated inactivation of health-relevant microorganisms in water: a review of mechanisms and modeling approaches

Sunlight-mediated inactivation of health-relevant microorganisms in water: a review of mechanisms and modeling approaches

Conceptual Model and Experimental Framework to Determine the Contributions of Direct and Indirect Photoreactions to the Solar Disinfection of MS2, phiX174, and Adenovirus

Triplet Photochemistry of Effluent and Natural Organic Matter in Whole Water and Isolates from Effluent-Receiving Rivers

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