Roles of Resolvins in Chronic Inflammatory Response

Abstract

An inflammatory response is beneficial to the organism, while an excessive uncontrolled inflammatory response can lead to the nonspecific killing of tissue cells. Therefore, promoting the resolution of inflammation is an important mechanism for protecting an organism suffering from chronic inflammatory diseases. Resolvins are a series of endogenous lipid mediums and have the functions of inhibiting a leukocyte infiltration, increasing macrophagocyte phagocytosis, regulating cytokines, and alleviating inflammatory pain. By promoting the inflammation resolution, resolvins play an irreplaceable role throughout the pathological process of some joint inflammation, neuroinflammation, vascular inflammation, and tissue inflammation. Although a large number of experiments have been conducted to study different subtypes of resolvins in different directions, the differences in the action targets between the different subtypes are rarely compared. Hence, this paper reviews the generation of resolvins, the characteristics of resolvins, and the actions of resolvins under a chronic inflammatory response and clinical translation of resolvins for the treatment of chronic inflammatory diseases.

Fatty acids and their metabolites (resolvins) are altered in women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM)

“…59 It has been suggested that resolvins such as RvD1 and RvE1 play a vital role in the pathology of certain joint inflammation, neuroinflammation, vascular inflammation and tissue inflammation. 60 Lower levels of resolvins observed in the present study suggests that a reduction in pro-resolving mediators in the placentae of women with GDM may lead to inflammation.…”

Lung cancer progression alters lung and gut microbiomes and lipid metabolism

“…Furthermore, we observed significantly enhancements in “fatty acid metabolism,” and “linoleic acid metabolism” in lung microbiome with lung cancer, and they showed inverse correlation between the lung and gut microbiomes. Linoleic acid is a source of DHA, EPA, and arachidonic acids [ 48 , 49 ]. Therefore, we speculated that these alterations in metabolic functions in the lung and gut microbiomes could affect the progression of lung cancer through the upregulation of lipid metabolites.…”

“…In contrast, LTB4 and prostaglandin E2, which aggravate lung cancer [ 25 , 27 ], are upregulated in the lungs. However, isohumulone, which is a PPARγ activator [ 28 ], and resolvin (an ω-3 PUFA and SPM) [ 48 ], which has anti-inflammatory effects, were upregulated in the small intestine and colon, respectively [ 18 , 29 ].…”

The impact of Resolvin E1 on bone regeneration in critical‐sized calvarial defects of rat model—A gene expression and micro‐CT analysis

“…Both series promote neutrophil digesting and macrophage apoptosis. [19][20][21] Resolvin E1 (RvE1), derived from the omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), has been demonstrated to successfully treat periodontitis in animal models. 22 Furthermore, it has been reported that RvE1 affects bone remodelling by modulating the osteoclast differentiation, rescuing OPG production and consequently, reducing the RANKL/OPG ratio.…”

“…While the D‐series controls inflammation in brain tissues, the E‐series inhibits neutrophil trans‐endothelial migration. Both series promote neutrophil digesting and macrophage apoptosis 19–21 …”