Roles of Regulatory T Cells in Tissue Pathophysiology and Metabolism

Campbell, Clarissa; Rudensky, Alexander Y.

doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2019.09.010

Cited by 105 publications

(76 citation statements)

References 77 publications

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“…Treg cells are a subset of CD4 + T-cells that express nuclear transcription factor fork head box P3 (Foxp3) and surface CD25. Under normal physiologic conditions, an increase in Treg cells protects tissues from damage due to excessive immune cell activation and proliferation [103]; however, it also plays a critical role in the immune suppressive reaction that is critical for chronic viral persistence [104,105]. Treg cells from HIV-1-infected patients express significantly higher levels of PD-1 [56,57], TIM-3 [106], CTLA-4 [107], and LAG-3 (Tr1) [58,59] compared with those from healthy individuals.…”

Section: Hiv-specific T-cell Exhaustion Accompanies Immune Checkpointmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immune Checkpoints in Viral Infections

Cai

Liu

Zhong

et al. 2020

Viruses

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As evidence has mounted that virus-infected cells, such as cancer cells, negatively regulate the function of T-cells via immune checkpoints, it has become increasingly clear that viral infections similarly exploit immune checkpoints as an immune system escape mechanism. Although immune checkpoint therapy has been successfully used in cancer treatment, numerous studies have suggested that such therapy may also be highly relevant for treating viral infection, especially chronic viral infections. However, it has not yet been applied in this manner. Here, we reviewed recent findings regarding immune checkpoints in viral infections, including COVID-19, and discussed the role of immune checkpoints in different viral infections, as well as the potential for applying immune checkpoint blockades as antiviral therapy.

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Section: Hiv-specific T-cell Exhaustion Accompanies Immune Checkpointmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immune Checkpoints in Viral Infections

Cai

Liu

Zhong

et al. 2020

Viruses

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“…The capability to counterbalance antigen-specific immune activation is critical for effective and precise immune function without inducing collateral tissue damage (145)(146)(147). T reg cells expressing transcription factor forkhead box p3 (FOXP3) are a small but essential subset of lymphoid cells which are able to contract activated immune responses and maintain immune system homeostasis, thereby preventing inflammation and AID.…”

Section: The Hope Of Cell Therapiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Emerging Jamboree of Transformative Therapies for Autoimmune Diseases

et al. 2020

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Standard treatments for autoimmune and autoinflammatory disorders rely mainly on immunosuppression. These are predominantly symptomatic remedies that do not affect the root cause of the disease and are associated with multiple side effects. Immunotherapies are being developed during the last decades as more specific and safer alternatives to small molecules with broad immunosuppressive activity, but they still do not distinguish between disease-causing and protective cell targets and thus, they still have considerable risks of increasing susceptibility to infections and/or malignancy. Antigen-specific approaches inducing immune tolerance represent an emerging trend carrying the potential to be curative without inducing broad immunosuppression. These therapies are based on antigenic epitopes derived from the same proteins that are targeted by the autoreactive T and B cells, and which are administered to patients together with precise instructions to induce regulatory responses capable to restore homeostasis. They are not personalized medicines, and they do not need to be. They are precision therapies exquisitely targeting the disease-causing cells that drive pathology in defined patient populations. Immune tolerance approaches are truly transformative options for people suffering from autoimmune diseases.

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“…These T cells express the transcription factor FOXP3 that is crucial for maintaining tolerance to self or autoantigens in the periphery. Although tTregs represent the majority of Tregs with in lymph nodes, BM and spleen, antigen activation of naïve CD4 + T cells residing within the microenvironment of certain tissues such as the small and large bowel will induce the expression of Foxp3 thereby becoming peripheral Tregs (pTregs) (Wing et al, 2019;Campbell and Rudensky, 2020). Naïve CD4 + T cells released by thymus will traffic to lymphoid tissue in search of their cognate antigens that are likely derived from invading microbes.…”

Section: Role Of Sirt1 In Innate and Adaptive Immunitymentioning

confidence: 99%

The Versatility of Sirtuin-1 in Endocrinology and Immunology

Rasha

Mims

Castro‐Piedras

et al. 2020

Front. Cell Dev. Biol.

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Sirtuins belong to the class III family of NAD-dependent histone deacetylases (HDAC) and are involved in diverse physiological processes that range from regulation of metabolism and endocrine function to coordination of immunity and cellular responses to stress. Sirtuin-1 (SIRT1) is the most well-studied family member and has been shown to be critically involved in epigenetics, immunology, and endocrinology. The versatile roles of SIRT1 include regulation of energy sensing metabolic homeostasis, deacetylation of histone and non-histone proteins in numerous tissues, neuro-endocrine regulation via stimulation of hypothalamus-pituitary axes, synthesis and maintenance of reproductive hormones via steroidogenesis, maintenance of innate and adaptive immune system via regulation of T-and B-cell maturation, chronic inflammation and autoimmune diseases. Moreover, SIRT1 is an appealing target in various disease contexts due to the promise of pharmacological and/or natural modulators of SIRT1 activity within the context of endocrine and immune-related disease models. In this review we aim to provide a broad overview on the role of SIRT1 particularly within the context of endocrinology and immunology.

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Roles of Regulatory T Cells in Tissue Pathophysiology and Metabolism

Cited by 105 publications

References 77 publications

Immune Checkpoints in Viral Infections

Immune Checkpoints in Viral Infections

The Emerging Jamboree of Transformative Therapies for Autoimmune Diseases

The Versatility of Sirtuin-1 in Endocrinology and Immunology

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