Roles of regulated intramembrane proteolysis in virus infection and antiviral immunity

Abstract

Regulated intramembrane proteolysis (RIP) is a signaling mechanism through which transmembrane precursor proteins are cleaved to liberate their cytoplasmic and/or luminal /extracellular fragments from membranes so that these fragments are able to function at a new location. Recent studies have indicated that this proteolytic reaction plays an important role in host-virus interaction. On one hand, RIP transfers the signal from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to nucleus to activate antiviral genes in response to alteration of the ER caused by viral infection. On the other hand, RIP can be hijacked by virus to process transmembrane viral protein precursors and to destroy transmembrane antiviral proteins. Understanding this Yin and Yang side of RIP may lead to new strategies to combat viral infection.

Antiviral activity of traditional medicinal plants from Ayurveda against SARS-CoV-2 infection

“…These pathways are known to perform crucial functions like neurotransmission, regulation of sense of vision, regulation of blood pressure, smell, taste, and pain, regulation of transport of bio-chemicals, glucose metabolism, cell proliferation, transcription, apoptosis, and cell migration adhesion, adaptation, cell survival, and receptor for pharmaceutical agents. Dysfunctioning of these pathways may affect the normal homeostasis and associated with conditions weakening of immune system, inflammation, auto-immune diseases, cancer and involved in various pathological events caused due to the virus infections (Keating & Striker, 2012 ; Londino et al, 2017 ; Mages et al, 2008 ; Meineke et al, 2019 ; Naderer & Fulcher, 2018 ; Paludan & Mogensen, 2001 ; Ye, 2013 ; Zhang et al, 2016 ). The patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 can develop symptoms like neurological complications (Guillain-Barre syndrome, encephalopathy, hemorrhagic encephalopathy, dizziness, myalgia anosmia, encephalitis, necrotising stroke, epileptic seizures, and rhabdomyolysis), loss of taste, increased cellular apoptosis, and high level of chemokines, and cytokines (Carod-Artal, 2020 ; Chen et al, 2020 ; Guzzi et al, 2020 ; Mehta et al, 2020 ; Zheng et al, 2020 ).…”

Knockdown of CREB3/Luman by shRNA in Mouse Granulosa Cells Results in Decreased Estradiol and Progesterone Synthesis and Promotes Cell Proliferation

“…It is thought that the interaction between Luman and host cell factor C1 plays a role in the establishment of latency during herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection. This protein also plays a role in leukocyte migration[12–15], tumor suppression[16], and dendritic cell maturation [17,18]. Luman expression in sensory neurons [11,19] is indicative of its potential role in the inhibition of astrocyte differentiation [20].…”

Interaction of intramembrane metalloprotease SpoIVFB with substrate Pro-σ K

“…Understanding how SpoIVFB interacts with Pro-σ K could inform strategies to inhibit or enhance sporulation. More broadly, SpoIVFB is a member of the S2P family (8), named after human S2P, which is involved in regulation of cholesterol biosynthesis and responses to endoplasmic reticulum stress and viral infection (9,10). The S2P family also includes enzymes in nonsporeforming bacteria that mediate stress responses and enhance pathogenicity (4,11), and plant enzymes involved in chloroplast development and likely in stress responses (12).…”