Roles of reactive oxygen species in interactions between plants and pathogens

Abstract

The production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by the consumption of molecular oxygen during host-pathogen interactions is termed the oxidative burst. The most important ROS are singlet oxygen ( 1 O 2 ), the hydroxyperoxyl radical (HO 2 ·), the superoxide anion O À 2 À Á , hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ), the hydroxyl radical (OH -) and the closely related reactive nitrogen species, nitric oxide (NO). These ROS are highly reactive, and therefore toxic, and participate in several important processes related to defence and infection. Furthermore, ROS also play important roles in plant biology both as toxic byproducts of aerobic metabolism and as key regulators of growth, development and defence pathways. In this review, we will assess the different roles of ROS in host-pathogen interactions with special emphasis on fungal and Oomycete pathogens.

Impact of phosphate on glyphosate uptake and toxicity in willow

“…4). H 2 O 2 is an important signaling molecule [61], however, once accumulated, it interferes with several plant metabolic pathways.…”

Effect of awaaLmutation on lipopolysaccharide composition, oxidative stress survival, and virulence inErwinia amylovora

“…Elicitors of defense responses include general determinants such as flagella, which are common among most bacterial pathogens, and specific determinants such as protein effectors secreted via type III secretion that are recognized by the products of plant resistance genes. An integral aspect of the plant defense response against pathogens is the occurrence of an oxidative burst in which reactive oxygen species (ROS) are produced following pathogen recognition (Shetty et al, 2008). Avirulent or unsuccessful pathogens often induce a biphasic response consisting of a transient first phase of ROS accumulation of a lower intensity, followed by a continuous phase of a much higher intensity (Torres et al, 2006).…”

Infection biology and defence responses in sorghum againstColletotrichum sublineolum

“…Generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is one of the earliest defence reactions after fungal infection in plants (Torres et al 2006;Wang and Higgins 2006;Shetty et al 2008). ROS have been implicated as key factors in resistance of the host against biotrophic pathogens (Kumar et al 2001;Mellersh et al 2002;Hückelhoven and Kogel 2003;Shetty et al 2003Shetty et al , 2007Shetty et al , 2008. They are also suggested to be important for pathogenesis of necrotrophic pathogens (Govrin and Levine 2000;Able 2003).…”

“…They are also suggested to be important for pathogenesis of necrotrophic pathogens (Govrin and Levine 2000;Able 2003). In biotrophic host-pathogen interactions, ROS are involved in defence reactions such as cell wall strengthening and programmed cell death (the hypersensitive reaction, HR), as well as in signal transduction (Gilchrist 1998;Shetty et al 2008). On the other hand, the successful pathogenesis of necrotrophic pathogens has been reported to depend on or be enhanced by a high concentration of ROS, more specifically H 2 O 2 (Govrin and Levine 2000;Able 2003).…”

“…In hemibiotrophic interactions, H 2 O 2 may have different roles during the biotrophic and necrotrophic phases of pathogenesis. Thus, during the biotrophic phase, H 2 O 2 could be expected to be involved in resistance whereas it could be envisaged to participate in pathogenesis during the necrotrophic stage (Shetty et al 2008). Only few hemibiotrophs have been investigated in this respect (Kumar et al 2001;Shetty et al 2003Shetty et al , 2007Shetty et al , 2008.…”