Roles of primate spinal interneurons in preparation and execution of voluntary hand movement

Fetz, Eberhard E.; Perlmutter, Steve I.; Prut, Yifat; Seki, Kazuhiko; Votaw, Scott

doi:10.1016/s0165-0173(02)00188-1

Cited by 87 publications

(66 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…The results augment the body of data on neuronal responses in different regions during this ramp-and-hold torque task (summarized in Fetz et al 2002). The major types of interactions provide interesting comparisons with results from other studies of motor cortex and from other cortical regions.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 74%

“…The animals were housed, fed, and medically supervised at the Washington National Primate Research Center in conformity with U.S. Department of Health and Human Services guidelines for the care and use of laboratory animals. Monkeys were trained to perform isometric ramp-and-hold wrist torques in a task that has been used to characterize cells in cerebral cortex, red nucleus, and spinal cord (Cheney et al 1991;Fetz et al 2002). A 22-mm-diameter recording chamber was placed over the contralateral arm/hand precentral cortex and a chronically indwelling, concentric stimulating electrode placed in the ipsilateral medullary pyramid for antidromic activation of pyramidal tract (PT) neurons.…”

Section: E T H O D Smentioning

confidence: 99%

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Synaptic Interactions Between Forelimb-Related Motor Cortex Neurons in Behaving Primates

Smith

Fetz

2009

Journal of Neurophysiology

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Smith WS, Fetz EE. Synaptic interactions between forelimb-related motor cortex neurons in behaving primates. J Neurophysiol 102: 1026-1039, 2009. First published May 13, 2009 doi:10.1152/jn.91051.2008. We investigated the synaptic interactions between neighboring motor cortex cells in monkeys generating isometric ramp-and-hold torques about the wrist. For pairs of cortical cells the response patterns were determined in response-aligned averages and their synaptic interactions were identified by cross-correlation histograms. Cross-correlograms were compiled for 215 cell pairs and 84 (39%) showed significant features. The most frequently found feature (65/84 ϭ 77%) was a central peak, straddling the origin and representing a source of common synaptic input to both cells. One third of these also had superimposed lagged peaks, indicative of a serial excitatory connection. Pure lagged peaks and lagged troughs, indicative of serial excitatory or inhibitory linkages, respectively, both occurred in 5% of the correlograms with features. A central trough appeared in 13% of the correlograms. The magnitude of the synaptic linkage was measured as the normalized area of the correlogram feature. Plotting the strength of synaptic interaction against response similarity during alternating wrist torques revealed a positive relationship for the correlated cell pairs. A linear fit yielded a positive slope: the pairs with excitatory interactions tended to covary more often than countervary. This linear fit had a positive offset, reflecting a tendency for both covarying and countervarying cells to have excitatory common input. Plotting the cortical location of the cell pairs showed that the strongest interactions occurred between cells separated by Ͻ400 microns. The correlational linkages between cells of different cortical layers showed a large proportion of common input to cells in layer V.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 74%

Section: E T H O D Smentioning

confidence: 99%

Synaptic Interactions Between Forelimb-Related Motor Cortex Neurons in Behaving Primates

Smith

Fetz

2009

Journal of Neurophysiology

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“…For instance, a large number of spinal interneurons are active at rest and show bidirectional positive relationships between their firing rate and developed force (torque), both in the preferred and nonpreferred directions (such as wrist flexion and extension) Prut and Perlmutter, 2003). Therefore, spinal interneurons seem to be ubiquitously active during a variety of movements, including those in which their postspike effects would be inappropriate (Fetz et al, 2002). This bidirectional behavior of excitatory interneurons implies that their activity is overridden by inhibitory mechanisms when their target muscles need to be inactivated.…”

Section: Side Differences In Motor-related Fmri Spinal Signalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Unlike cortical cells, they are often active during movement in opposite directions as well as at rest, and display complex relationships between their response patterns and the output effects in target muscles (Fetz et al, 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Functional Responses in the Human Spinal Cord during Willed Motor Actions: Evidence for Side- and Rate-Dependent Activity

Maieron¹,

Iannetti²,

Bodurka³

et al. 2007

J. Neurosci.

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Although the spinal cord is the output station of the central motor system, little is known about the relationships between its functional activity and willed movement parameters in humans. We investigated here blood oxygenation level-dependent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) signal changes in the cervical spinal cord during a simple finger-to-thumb opposition task in 13 right-handed volunteers, using a dedicated array of 16 receive-only surface coils on a 3 Tesla MRI system. In a first experiment, we found significant fMRI signal increases on both sides of the lower cervical spinal cord while subjects performed the motor task at a comfortable pace (ϳ0.5 Hz) using either hand. Both the spatial extent of movement-related clusters and peak signal increases were significantly higher on the side of the cord ipsilateral to the moving hand than on the contralateral side. Movement-related activity was consistently larger than signal fluctuations during rest. In a second experiment, we recorded spinal cord responses while the same motor sequence was performed using the dominant hand at two different rates (ϳ0.5 or 1 Hz). The intensity but not the spatial extent of the response was larger during higher rates, and it was higher on the ipsilateral side of the cord. Notwithstanding the limited spatial resolving power of the adopted technique, the present results clearly indicate that the finger movement-related fMRI signals recorded from the spinal cord have a neural origin and that as a result of recent technological advances, fMRI can be used to obtain novel and quantitative physiological information on the activity of spinal circuits.

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“…Typically, STA is used to detect influences of cortical motoneurons on their target muscles during voluntary movements (Buys et al 1986;Lemon et al 1986), and to detect such influences before overt movements begin (Fetz et al 2002). The same approach has also shown prominent correlations between somatosensory cortical neuronal firing modulations and muscle activity (Widener and Cheney 1997).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Joint cross-correlation analysis reveals complex, time-dependent functional relationship between cortical neurons and arm electromyograms

Zhuang

Lebedev

Nicolelis

2014

Journal of Neurophysiology

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Zhuang KZ, Lebedev MA, Nicolelis MA. Joint cross-correlation analysis reveals complex, time-dependent functional relationship between cortical neurons and arm electromyograms. J Neurophysiol 112: 2865-2887, 2014. First published September 10, 2014 doi:10.1152/jn.00031.2013.-Correlation between cortical activity and electromyographic (EMG) activity of limb muscles has long been a subject of neurophysiological studies, especially in terms of corticospinal connectivity. Interest in this issue has recently increased due to the development of brain-machine interfaces with output signals that mimic muscle force. For this study, three monkeys were implanted with multielectrode arrays in multiple cortical areas. One monkey performed self-timed touch pad presses, whereas the other two executed arm reaching movements. We analyzed the dynamic relationship between cortical neuronal activity and arm EMGs using a joint cross-correlation (JCC) analysis that evaluated trial-by-trial correlation as a function of time intervals within a trial. JCCs revealed transient correlations between the EMGs of multiple muscles and neural activity in motor, premotor and somatosensory cortical areas. Matching results were obtained using spike-triggered averages corrected by subtracting trial-shuffled data. Compared with spike-triggered averages, JCCs more readily revealed dynamic changes in cortico-EMG correlations. JCCs showed that correlation peaks often sharpened around movement times and broadened during delay intervals. Furthermore, JCC patterns were directionally selective for the arm-reaching task. We propose that such highly dynamic, taskdependent and distributed relationships between cortical activity and EMGs should be taken into consideration for future brain-machine interfaces that generate EMG-like signals.

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Roles of primate spinal interneurons in preparation and execution of voluntary hand movement

Cited by 87 publications

References 47 publications

Synaptic Interactions Between Forelimb-Related Motor Cortex Neurons in Behaving Primates

Synaptic Interactions Between Forelimb-Related Motor Cortex Neurons in Behaving Primates

Functional Responses in the Human Spinal Cord during Willed Motor Actions: Evidence for Side- and Rate-Dependent Activity

Joint cross-correlation analysis reveals complex, time-dependent functional relationship between cortical neurons and arm electromyograms

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