Roles of periaqueductal gray and nucleus tractus solitarius in cardiorespiratory function in the rat brainstem

Huang, Zheng-Gui; Subramanian, SH; Balnave, Ron J.; Turman, A. B.; Chow, Chin Moi

doi:10.1016/s0034-5687(00)00107-9

Cited by 59 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…In the rat, stimulation in the dorsal PAG has been shown to result in phasic excitation of lateral parabrachial inspiration-related neurons (Hayward et al, 2004) and in both phasic and tonic activation of inspiration-and expirationrelated neurons in the ventrolateral medulla (Subramanian et al, 2008) and nucleus tractus solitarius (Subramanian et al, 2007). The involvement of ␤-adrenoceptors within the NTS mediating the PAG-induced respiratory and cardiovascular effect has also been previously reported in the rat (Huang et al, 2000;Subramanian et al, 2007). Obviously, the basic behavioral repertoire in the PAG is further evolved in cat than in rat; however, in the cat, there are no electrophysiological data presently available on the PAG effects on the brainstem respiration-related nuclei.…”

Section: Midbrain-brainstem Respiratory Pathwayssupporting

confidence: 56%

“…Moreover, none of these studies explores stereotaxically the influence of different areas of the PAG on respiratory function. Subramanian et al (2007Subramanian et al ( , 2008 studied the PAG-induced changes to caudal medullary respiration-related neuronal activity in the rat, and Huang et al (2000) also in the rat investigated the role of the PAG on cardiorespiratory control, and subsequently Hayward et al (2003Hayward et al ( , 2004 and Zhang et al (2005Zhang et al ( , 2007 examined the PAGinduced change to respiratory frequency. However, all these studies in the rat focused on the dorsal PAG and reported only excitatory effects.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In these studies (Magoun et al, 1937;Bandler and Carrive, 1988;Zhang et al, 1994;Nonaka et al, 1999;Nakazawa et al, 2000), the sound production was measured but not the respiratory function. In the rat, a few studies exist (Huang et al, 2000;Hayward et al, 2003Hayward et al, , 2004Zhang et al, 2005Zhang et al, , 2007Subramanian et al, 2007Subramanian et al, , 2008, but they were limited to the dorsal PAG showing only an increase in respiratory frequency. The present study is the first that investigated the PAG effects on respiration by stimulation of different parts of the PAG.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Midbrain Periaqueductal Gray Control of Respiration

Subramanian¹,

Balnave²,

Holstege³

2008

J. Neurosci.

135

181

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The midbrain periaqueductal gray (PAG) organizes basic survival behavior, which includes respiration. How the PAG controls respiration is not known. We studied the PAG control of respiration by injecting D,L-homocysteic acid in the PAG in unanesthetized precollicularly decerebrated cats. Injections in different parts of the PAG caused different respiratory effects. Stimulation in the dorsomedial PAG induced slow and deep breathing and dyspnea. Stimulation in the dorsolateral PAG resulted in active breathing and tachypnea consistent with the respiratory changes during fright and flight. Stimulation in the medial part of lateral PAG caused inspiratory apneusis. Stimulation in lateral parts of the lateral and ventrolateral PAG produced respiratory changes associated with vocalization (mews, alternating mews and hisses, or hisses). D,L-Homocysteic acid injections in the caudal ventrolateral PAG induced irregular breathing. These results demonstrate that the PAG exerts a strong influence on respiration, suggesting that it serves as the behavioral modulator of breathing.

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Section: Midbrain-brainstem Respiratory Pathwayssupporting

confidence: 56%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

The Midbrain Periaqueductal Gray Control of Respiration

Subramanian¹,

Balnave²,

Holstege³

2008

J. Neurosci.

135

181

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“…Electrical and chemical stimulation of the dorsal PAG (dPAG) evoke significant increases in respiratory frequency and tidal volume in cats and rats [8,37,43,69,70,74]. This region receives afferent projections and sends efferent projections to different motor, sensory, autonomic, and limbic regions [5,10,12,65,68], indicating that the dPAG is connected to multiple neural circuits responsible for physiological modulations that are necessary for survival.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Periaqueductal gray matter modulates the hypercapnic ventilatory response

Tenorio‐Lopes

Patrone

Bícego

et al. 2012

Pflugers Arch - Eur J Physiol

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The periaqueductal gray (PAG) is a midbrain structure directly involved in the modulation of defensive behaviors. It has direct projections to several central nuclei that are involved in cardiorespiratory control. Although PAG stimulation is known to elicit respiratory responses, the role of the PAG in the CO(2)-drive to breathe is still unknown. The present study assessed the effect of chemical lesion of the dorsolateral and dorsomedial and ventrolateral/lateral PAG (dlPAG, dmPAG, and vPAG, respectively) on cardiorespiratory and thermal responses to hypercapnia. Ibotenic acid (IBO) or vehicle (PBS, Sham group) was injected into the dlPAG, dmPAG, or vPAG of male Wistar rats. Rats with lesions outside the dlPAG, dmPAG, or vPAG were considered as negative controls (NC). Pulmonary ventilation (VE: ), mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate (HR), and body temperature (Tb) were measured in unanesthetized rats during normocapnia and hypercapnic exposure (5, 15, 30 min, 7 % CO(2)). IBO lesioning of the dlPAG/dmPAG caused 31 % and 26.5 % reductions of the respiratory response to CO(2) (1,094.3 ± 115 mL/kg/min) compared with Sham (1,589.5 ± 88.1 mL/kg/min) and NC groups (1,488.2 ± 47.7 mL/kg/min), respectively. IBO lesioning of the vPAG caused 26.6 % and 21 % reductions of CO(2) hyperpnea (1,215.3 ± 108.6 mL/kg/min) compared with Sham (1,657.3 ± 173.9 mL/kg/min) and NC groups (1,537.6 ± 59.3). Basal VE: , MAP, HR, and Tb were not affected by dlPAG, dmPAG, or vPAG lesioning. The results suggest that dlPAG, dmPAG, and vPAG modulate hypercapnic ventilatory responses in rats but do not affect MAP, HR, or Tb regulation in resting conditions or during hypercapnia.

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“…In rats, microinjection of kainic acid in the lPAG and vlPAG produces forward avoidance [13] and a quiescent behavior [14], respectively. These emotional behaviors are often accompanied by autonomic activities such as specific adaptive breathing patterns, changes in blood pressure [4,12,[15][16][17] and micturition [18,19], all of which synchronously produce coordinated responses to environmental and emotional challenges.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neuroanatomical and Physiological Considerations for the role of the Periaqueductal gray in expressing emotions

Ajayi¹

2017

MOJAP

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The midbrain periaqueductal gray is a crucial interphase between the forebrain and nuclei in the brainstem that directly control basic physiologic functions. Recently, the role of the midbrain periaqueductal gray has been evolving as it is found to also regulate the expression of emotions. However, literature around this brain area is meager. The current article sheds light on the known anatomy and physiology of the periaquductal gray. In the context of whole-brain functioning, gaps in the literature are highlighted, which could be investigated to enhance the current understanding of this brain structure.

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Roles of periaqueductal gray and nucleus tractus solitarius in cardiorespiratory function in the rat brainstem

Cited by 59 publications

References 18 publications

The Midbrain Periaqueductal Gray Control of Respiration

The Midbrain Periaqueductal Gray Control of Respiration

Periaqueductal gray matter modulates the hypercapnic ventilatory response

Neuroanatomical and Physiological Considerations for the role of the Periaqueductal gray in expressing emotions

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