Roles of Oxidative Stress in the Development and Progression of Breast Cancer

Abstract

Oxidative stress is caused by an imbalance in the redox status of the body. In such a state, increase of free radicals in the body can lead to tissue damage. One of the most important species of free radicals is reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced by various metabolic pathways, including aerobic metabolism in the mitochondrial respiratory chain. It plays a critical role in the initiation and progression of various types of cancers. ROS affects different signaling pathways, including growth factors and mitogenic pathways, and controls many cellular processes, including cell proliferation, and thus stimulates the uncontrolled growth of cells which encourages the development of tumors and begins the process of carcinogenesis. Increased oxidative stress caused by reactive species can reduce the body's antioxidant defense against angiogenesis and metastasis in cancer cells. These processes are main factors in the development of cancer. Bimolecular reactions cause free radicals in which create such compounds as malondialdehyde (MDA) and hydroxyguanosine. These substances can be used as indicators of cancer. In this review, free radicals as oxidizing agents, antioxidants as the immune system, and the role of oxidative stress in cancer, particularly breast cancer, have been investigated in the hope that better identification of the factors involved in the occurrence and spread of cancer will improve the identification of treatment goals.

Souffrance au travail et enjeux de santé : le rôle charnière de l’inflammation et du stress oxydant

“…78 Au premier rang des phénomènes dans lesquels l'inflammation est mise en cause -et avec lesquels le stress peut interférer -il y a les pathologies dégénératives du système nerveux (Collins, 2012), les cancers (Ziech, 2011 ;Powell, 2013 ;Nourazarian, 2014), le vieillissement (Delattre, 2005), mais, au-delà, toutes les pathologies chroniques sont concernées. Cela ne signifie pas que le stress et en particulier le stress professionnel soit la cause de ces pathologies, mais il est susceptible d'influencer leur apparition et leur évolution, même, par exemple, quand la maladie est clairement d'origine génétique (Torres, 2008).…”

The Many Virtues of tRNA-derived Stress-induced RNAs (tiRNAs): Discovering Novel Mechanisms of Stress Response and Effect on Human Health

“…Uncontrolled tissue damage is a common underlying cause of cancer (44,45). tRNA fragments were detected in the urine of cancer patients more than three decades ago and were proposed to be oncogenic molecules (46 -49).…”

“…Additionally, renal ischemia/reperfusion injury and cisplatin-mediated nephrotoxicity (both of which induce tissue damage via oxidative stress) generate tiRNAs in damaged kidneys. Thus tiRNAs can be used as biomarkers to detect stress-induced tissue damage in humans.Uncontrolled tissue damage is a common underlying cause of cancer (44,45). tRNA fragments were detected in the urine of cancer patients more than three decades ago and were proposed to be oncogenic molecules (46 -49).…”

Overweight, Obesity, Oxidative Stress and the Risk of Breast Cancer

“…The hypothesized pathways include increased concentrations of endogenous hormones and inflammation (Renehan et al, 2008). An increased concentration of oxidants, in particular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) exceeding the antioxidant defense system capacity (socalled oxidative stress) leads to chronic inflammation (Durackova, 2010;Liou and Storz, 2010;Reuter et al, 2010;Nourazarian, et al, 2014). There is rapidly growing evidence that chronic inflammation is a factor leading to tumor development and progression.…”